Lab-on-a-chip-based PCR-RFLP assay for the confirmed detection of short-length feline DNA in food

Abstract

Wider availability but lack of legal market trades has given feline meat a high potential for use as an adulterant in common meat and meat products. However, mixing of feline meat or its derivatives in food is a sensitive issue, since it is a taboo in most countries and prohibited in certain religions such as Islam and Judaism. Cat meat also has potential for contamination with of severe acute respiratory syndrome, anthrax and hepatitis, and its consumption might lead to an allergic reaction. We developed a very short-amplicon-length (69 bp) PCR assay, authenticated the amplified PCR products by AluI-restriction digestion followed by its separation and detection on a lab-on-a-chip-based automated electrophoretic system, and proved its superiority over the existing long-amplicon-based assays. Although it has been assumed that longer DNA targets are susceptible to breakdown under compromised states, scientific evidence for this hypothesis has been rarely documented. Strong evidence showed that shorter targets are more stable than the longer ones. We confirmed feline-specificity by cross-challenging the primers against 10 different species of terrestrial, aquatic and plant origins in the presence of a 141-bp site of an 18S rRNA gene as a universal eukaryotic control. RFLP analysis separated 43- and 26-bp fragments of AluI-digest in both the gel-image and electropherograms, confirming the original products. The tested detection limit was 0.01% (w/w) feline meat in binary and ternary admixed as well as meatball matrices. Shorter target, better stability and higher sensitivity mean such an assay would be valid for feline identification even in degraded specimens.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• short-amplicon-length PCR assay
• lab-on-a-chip-based automated electrophoretic system
• restriction digestion
• binary
• ternary and meatball matrices
• taboo and religious prohibition

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by a Graduate Research Assistantship (GRA) from the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (M.A. Amin); Akaun Pengrusan Combicat [grant number 31377] (M.A. Amin); Akaun Penyelidikan Flagship-RU002-2014 (S.B.A. Hamid); GC001A-14SBS (M.E. Ali).