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Articles

The effect of selective store location strategy and self-congruity on consumers’ apparel brand attitudes toward luxury vs. non-luxury

选择店铺定位与自我一致性对消费者奢侈品和非奢侈品的服装品牌态度的影响

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Pages 266-282 | Received 16 Dec 2016, Accepted 14 Apr 2017, Published online: 21 Aug 2017
 

Abstract

This research discusses the effect of selective store location strategy on consumers’ brand attitudes, its variation based on brand luxuriousness, and consumers’ psychological mechanisms underlying this choice. To test the selective location effect, consumers’ perceptions of three apparel brands with different characteristics (well-known luxury, well-known non-luxury, and unknown brand) were assessed. Self-congruity theory was employed to discuss the psychological mechanism of brand attitude formation. The result of analysis of variance and structural equation modeling on 312 cases collected in Japan showed selective store location influenced consumers’ luxury brand attitudes positively, while its impact was negative in the non-luxury case. In addition, its effect on the unknown brand was not significant. The selective location also contributed ideal social self-congruity with brand user imagery, while its impact was negative on actual self-congruity. Moreover, ideal social self-congruity contributed luxury attitude: In the non-luxury case, its impact was negative, while the impact of actual self-congruity was positive: Self-congruity affected the unknown brand very slightly. This result implies non-luxury brand equity is hard to increase via selective location strategy, while this approach may be effective for luxury. Our results also suggest the ability of self-congruity and brand luxuriousness to predict the selective location effect.

即使是金融危机之后,全球奢侈品市场仍在增长,日本奢侈品消费也再次开始增加。相反,在日本的大众服装市场,商品化程度很高。各公司之间都以对方为基准,而且他们的品牌战略和产品都趋于同质化,所有的竞争者都处在激烈的价格战当中。结果非奢侈品牌服装经理都在尝试使自己的品牌与众不同,纷纷参考奢侈品牌的营销策略(如奢侈品战略)。

以前的宣传品都暗示”稀有”是奢侈品的重要属性。看来奢侈品牌精心选择著名、有限的店面位置来提高品牌价值和品牌形象(如选择店面定位策略),例如品牌有限的用户和品牌的稀缺度。因此,为了实现与众不同,非奢侈品品牌经理可能会采用选择定位的方式,遵循奢侈品策略。然而,在现实的业务中,选择定位对品牌价值的影响是基于品牌经理的根据其工作经验估算的,所以其定量评估并不直观。如果高估选择定位的贡献,即使有利可图,店面投资也可能停止,因此,就会失去盈利机会。另一方面,如果低估了这个影响,店面数量就会增加,品牌价值就会降低。店面开发是根据选择店面定位效应的不确定性估计进行管理的,增加了商店错误投资的风险。此外,选择店面定位对非奢侈品品牌的影响是否重要还不确定:以前的宣传表明,选择定位是奢侈品品牌的重要营销因素,而功能性商店盈利(如可用性和可及性)通常被认为是大众营销研究中重要的属性。因此,服装品牌经理需要了解选择店面定位对有限的品牌用户形象,消费者的品牌态度,其基于品牌奢华度的变化以及消费者品牌态度形成的心理机制的影响。

为了讨论这些因素之间的关系,本研究基于两种类型的假设的商店分布(选择性位置的高低图像)和三种具有不同特点的服装品牌(著名奢侈品,知名非奢侈品以及不知名的品牌),分析消费者对店面位置选择形象的看法。基于假设的店面分布情况,分析消费者品牌态度形成的心理机制,采用两种类型的自我一致性与用户品牌形象(实际自我一致性和理想社会自我一致性)。2016年11月,在日本东京地区进行了网上调查,收集了312件有效样本。这项调查研究的著名奢侈品牌是路易威登(Louis Vuitton),知名的非奢侈品牌是优衣库(Uniqlo),不知名的服装品牌是 (Toast)。

这些数据的变化分析证实,选择店面定位形象越高,受限用户的图像越大。这也证明了选择店面定位对消费者的奢侈态度产生了积极的影响,而对非奢侈品态度的影响则为负面,对未知品牌的影响并不显着。此外,该分析表明,选择定位对理想社会自我一致性的影响是积极的,而对现实的自我一致性的影响是负面的。路径分析通过结构方程模型评估了自我一致性对品牌态度的影响。结果表明理想社会自我一致性对消费者奢侈态度的积极影响。也表明了,非奢侈品态度受到理想社会自我一致性的负面影响,但现实自我一致性对其的影响还是积极的。自我一致性对不知名品牌的影响很小。

这些结果表明,通过利用选择定位策略,非奢侈品品牌价值难以增加,而这一策略可能对奢侈品牌有效。非奢侈品经理很难使用这一策略提升品牌价值,仅仅是在模仿奢侈品牌。同时也显示,仅仅通过选择定位策略,不知名品牌价值难以提升。在开发新店之前,建议经理清楚地评估自己品牌的奢侈级别,并参考两种类型自我一致性,基于店铺开发计划,预测选择定位策略是否可以提高品牌价值。

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