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Articles

Expectations matter: Evaluation of brand’s pro-environmental initiatives based on consumers’ brand schemas and brand familiarity

期望至关重要: 基于消费者的品牌架构和品牌熟悉度评估品牌的亲环保举措

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Pages 37-55 | Received 26 Feb 2019, Accepted 01 Jul 2019, Published online: 15 Oct 2019
 

ABSTRACT

This manuscript focuses on how consumers evaluate a brand’s pro-environmental messages, its pro-environmental initiatives, and the brand itself as the effect of consumers’ schema-congruity and their ability to resolve incongruity. The study uses brands both familiar and unfamiliar to participants. An online experiment was conducted using 402 respondents. Findings indicated that consumers’ perceived message persuasiveness, their trust toward the brand’s pro-environmental initiatives, brand affect, attitude toward the brand, and eventually their behavioral intention were most favorable for congruent messages, followed by when incongruity was resolved and least when incongruity was not resolved. These findings were applicable to both familiar and unfamiliar brands. In addition, consumers’ attitude toward the brand before and after message exposure were different, with change being most positive for incongruity resolution for unfamiliar brands and least for incongruity nonresolution for familiar brands. The findings are important for established apparel brands that suffer from negative reputations but are willing to revitalize their images, and for new ventures who want to establish their image as pro-environmental. In addition, the findings contribute and extend theory by identifying a boundary condition for the schema-congruity theory.

如今的消费者关心的是环保问题,因此零售商不仅要提供满足这些需求的产品,还要在营销活动中有效地传达其环保措施。研究表明,消费者通常根据对品牌的现有期望(也称模式)来评估品牌及其沟通。这些模式起到启发式的作用,能帮助消费者做出决策,并影响消费者的评估。这些模式可以通过一致性理论来解释,该理论假定个人通过将新信息与现有期望或模式进行比较来处理新信息。例如,消费者发现一个品牌更可信,并且当他们遇到的广告与他们的模式一致而不是不一致时具有积极的品牌态度。运用模式一致性理论,研究了消费者对品牌的环保营销信息(即感知信息说服力)、品牌的亲环境举措(即信任和影响)和品牌本身(即态度和赞助意图)基于支持环境的品牌信息,这些信息与熟悉和陌生品牌对品牌的亲环境倡议的期望是一致的/不一致的。

设计了3(模式:一致性/不一致性决议/不一致性非决议)x 2(品牌复制)x2(品牌熟悉性:熟悉/不熟悉)受试者之间的实验。招募了402名美国成人消费者进行研究。使用3(模式:一致性/不一致性决议/不一致性非决议)x 2(品牌熟悉性:熟悉/不熟悉)进行manova和多个方差分析,检验假设:模式一致性(n=135)、不一致性决议(n=193)和不一致性非决议(n=74)。在402名参与者中,197人看到来自熟悉品牌的信息,205人看到来自不熟悉品牌的信息。研究结果表明,受试者认为信息最具说服力、最具积极的品牌影响、更高的品牌信任度、良好的品牌态度和行为意向(当他们的模式与信息一致时),其次是决议模式与信息不一致时,以及至少在不一致性非决议的时候。另一方面,品牌熟悉度除了对品牌产生影响外,并无任何影响。对于熟悉的品牌,影响比不熟悉的品牌要小一些。

研究结果对学者和从业者都有影响。首先,消费者品牌架构与品牌环保倡议相关信息之间的一致性/不一致性决议/不一致性非决议影响了消费者的反应,支持模式一致性理论。然而,与Mandler提出的模式不一致性决议导致比一致性更积极的评价的观点不同,结果发现,结果产生了相反的效果,与现有研究一致。有趣的是,不仅是熟悉的品牌,参与者还根据他们的模式评估不熟悉的品牌。因此,可以得出这样的结论:尽管没有结构化和形式化,但消费者确实依赖于自己不熟悉的品牌模式和解决决策不一致的能力。此外,对于熟悉和不熟悉的品牌,当消费者期望某个品牌比较其他品牌参与环保活动时,他们发现一个环保信息更有说服力,并对品牌的环保举措表示了更大的信任。因此,品牌愿意重振其形象(对于熟悉的品牌)或树立环境友好的形象(对于不熟悉的/初创品牌),需要使其营销信息具有说服力,足以改变/更新消费者现有的不一致模式,建立其环保形象,并使其环保倡议更值得信赖。最后,模式影响了消费者的整体品牌评估。对于熟悉和不熟悉的品牌,当消费者期望品牌采取(或不采取)有利于环境的行动时,他们对品牌态度报告了更多(较少)有利的影响,并表达了更多积极的行为意图。因此,将品牌宣传为环保品牌可能只对那些已经具有环保形象的品牌有利,但对其他品牌不利。这一点尤为重要,因为采取有利于环境的举措和做出有意识的商业决策通常会增加品牌的运营成本。因此,愿意重振品牌形象(对于熟悉的品牌)或树立环境友好的形象(对于不熟悉的/初创品牌),需要专注于影响、更新或改变消费者现有的不一致模式,将品牌形象树立为亲环境的形象,并引发积极的消费者反应。

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

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