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Article

Environmental orientation in going green: A qualitative approach to consumer psychology and sociocultural factors of green consumption

走向绿色环保:定性分析消费者心理和绿色消费的社会文化因素

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Pages 245-262 | Received 08 Jan 2013, Accepted 27 Feb 2013, Published online: 24 Jun 2013
 

Abstract

Green consumption culture is gaining momentum on the part of both individuals and communities, and also is reflected in marketing strategies. This research aims to examine consumer psychology and external factors that underlie green consumption. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to gather data to analyze consumer psychology and behavior. Focus groups and in-depth interviews are examples of qualitative approaches which contribute to drawing out information and understanding the deeper psychology of consumers. It was discovered that psychological, sociocultural, and product-related factors were the factors driving consumers' desire to participate in the green consumption culture.

如今,环境问题严重威胁人类的生存,每一个世界公民必须参与到解决这些问题的过程中来。社会要求企业主动面对环境问题,但是企业努力克服这些麻烦的事情。反应这种情况,绿色消费逐渐成为一种趋势,并且将自己建立为一个全新的亚文化。在过去,大众日常生活用品,如洗涤剂是绿色消费的焦点,但是如今,绿色消费已经转移到昂贵的、情感驱动购买的商品上去,如电脑、化妆品和服装。

对于企业来说,作为开创新市场的潜在焦点,消费者行为的改变需要得到关注。由于消费者倾向于追随绿色消费的趋势,企业必须将这些需求反映到业务中去。因此,只有那些可以将安全、可持续的环境友好行为作为第一优先级的企业才能持续的发展和进步。出于这个原因,企业需要理解消费者行为,特别是绿色采购行为。此外,企业必须了解消费者对于问题的认知如何改变,使他们能够专注于这种文化现象,并将其结合到他们的专业活动中。

本文研究的目的是从社会文化现象和消费者心理中获得这些因素。更具体地说,本文试图确定促使消费者购买绿色产品和参与到绿色消费中的因素,以及任何妨碍绿色运动的障碍。我们运用定性分析的方法,从消费者深度情感、思想和经验中挖掘影响绿色消费的变量。实施焦点小组和深度访谈来寻找深层心理学和消费者外部因素。

最终,我们发现心理因素、社会因素和产品相关因素是影响绿色消费的因素。首先,心理因素影响绿色消费。具体来说,安全需求–-对消费者家庭和下一代的关心;自我监控–-倾向于有意识的行动并且依赖于其他人的判断;自我满足––满足自己的需求;消费效率–-追求生活在在一个较为清洁的环境中;集体主义和个人主义共存。这些心理因素影响绿色消费。

其次,社会文化因素影响绿色消费。绿色文化和趋势激励消费保护环境,媒体可以向公众传递环保信息。绿色文化和趋势以及媒体影响力是社会文化因素中的两个重要角色。

最后,产品相关因素影响绿色消费。具体因素是绿色产品价格、绿色产品外观和绿色产品效用,以及绿色消费行为的不便捷。消费者倾向于选择特定产品作为优先选择,因为绿色产品的价格普遍较高。同时,他们倾向于选择外观较好的产品,这意味着绿色产品不仅传达道德信息,也要满足消费者的审美情趣。因为消费者不清楚绿色消费行为的影响和效益,因此他们不愿意参与环保行为。

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