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Articles

Class reproduction and Korean male dancers receiving exemption from military service through dance competitions

阶级再生与男性舞者通过舞蹈比赛免服兵役研究

Pages 453-460 | Received 08 Jan 2014, Accepted 08 Feb 2014, Published online: 17 Sep 2014
 

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to understand the habitus or field of Korean male dancers exempted from military service through dance competitions from Pierre Bourdieu's point of view and accept, to pass the Korea dance culture for their own just culture to find the mechanism of represent their class and culture privilege. To as to achieve the purposes of the research, we selected four male dancers from ”S university” and “K university” who had been exempted from military service as a result of participation in dance competitions as participants in this study, using purposeful sampling. For this, we employed participatory, in-depth interviews, research participants' cover letters and experiential statements, the researcher's reflective notes, the research participants' dance concours-related video, etc. The results are as follows. In terms of the mechanisms of class reproduction in dance, the legitimacy of the fields accepted by the research participants was acting as an apparatus that reinforces cultural privileges and reproduces class. And this continues into the next generation. Competitions have developed beyond a simple cultural art into an art that evaluates, measures, and recognizes dancers' talents and skills, but Korea's dance competition culture reproduces unequal social structures.

本研究运用皮埃尔·布尔迪厄的理论对韩国男性舞者免服兵役的场域和惯习进行研究,通过韩国舞蹈文化研究代表阶级和文化特权的机制。

本文采用“A来自S大学,B,C来自K大学,D来自H大学”作为环境研究模式,从舞蹈比赛中选取四名免服兵役的男性舞者最为本文研究对象。研究资料来源包括研究者分享,深度访谈,研究对象说明信,经验说明以及研究者沉思录等。

为什么韩国男性舞者对舞蹈比赛有强烈的兴趣?原因是

首先,男性舞者作为职业有年龄限制。第二,20–30岁服兵役期间与舞者事业最佳状态的阶段在年龄上相冲突。第三,服兵役期间与舞蹈中身体用力部分不同。他们认为艺术家比服兵役更能为国家做出贡献。

总体来说,比赛能够提升研究参与者的技能,但韩国男性舞者对比赛的热忱比较特别。

第一,比赛过热。

研究中访问中体现出调查对象的大学生活主要围绕舞蹈比赛。几位男性舞者考入研究生院,申请休学的原因仅仅是为了比赛。在比赛场地同样可以感受到韩国男性舞者对比赛的强烈热情。有趣之处在于参加国际大赛的都是韩国男性。韩国军事人力监管部门只认可德国与希腊的比赛为国际大赛。

综合考虑以上因素,我们可以下此结论:韩国男性舞者形成了一个特别场域。这里,解释一下“场域”。布尔迪厄认为可以一些通用理论推断出场域的概念。每个场域都具备其独特的目标与兴趣点。

第二,比赛中失利的学生会受到冷落。

舞蹈比赛的参与者有胜负之分。失利者会产生嫉妒心理并在赛后重整旗鼓。他们不得不花高价去国外参加比赛。参与是经济资本,将参与和不参与区分开来。布尔迪厄运用“级别”解释现代社会阶级。尤其在教育资本中级别更加明显。海选一般在学校中举行。已经免服兵役的高年级学生可以帮助低年级学生;学校中的教授作为比赛评委。相应地,无论在比赛准备方面还是比赛信息获取方面,在校学生的申请者的优势要明显高于其他院校的学生。能够免服兵役也是男性舞者在报考大学志愿时的重要参考因素。因此,获取比赛奖项最多的学校能够吸引更多的申请者。尤其在舞蹈行业,女性比男性数量多,男性舞者的数量标志着高校的竞争力是否强大。因此,此种情况循环往复,使“阶级”再生。

以下是本研究结论:在舞蹈的阶级再生机制中,研究对象接受的场域合理性是产生文化特权和阶级再生的工具。并且不断向下一代传承。比赛也不仅是一种简单的文化艺术,它已经发展成为能够评估,衡量和识别舞者才能与技能的艺术形式。但是韩国的舞蹈比赛再生出了不平等的社会结构。

虽然免服兵役的体制增强了韩国男性舞者的舞蹈才能,但我们仍然要反思由益处带来的其他后果。

Notes

1. This paper was presented at the 2013 Korean Scholars of Marketing Science Fall International Conference.

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