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Articles

Intimacy of the Russian upper middle class with luxury fashion

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Pages 152-173 | Received 10 Sep 2015, Accepted 10 Jan 2016, Published online: 16 Mar 2016
 

Abstract

Russia has developed into one of the most important markets for luxury goods in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the factors influencing Russian consumers’ intentions to purchase luxury fashion goods. We focus on the growing high-middle- and middle-class consumer behavior patterns. This study attempts to contest practitioners’ knowledge and folklore with research hypotheses and to evaluate these in a rigorous quantitative process. We investigate the factors influencing Russian consumers’ intentions to purchase goods of luxury fashion brands based on two different models. The “Attitude toward Luxury Brands” (social-adjustive function) quantifies the extent to which luxury brands are facilitating self-expression of the owner and the projection of a particular image in socia settings. Additionally, we use the “Attitude toward Luxury Brands” (value-expressive function) in order to quantify the degree to which luxury brands are expressing the buyer’s self (beliefs, attitudes, values). The results of our analysis confirm practitioners’ prior beliefs that Russian consumer behavior patterns in luxury markets predominantly correspond to characteristics of symbolic consumption.

俄罗斯中高阶层与奢侈品的亲密关系

俄罗斯已经发展成为世界重要的奢侈品市场之一。俄罗斯在过去经济快速增长的十年中,高阶层消费群体也随之增长,消费者对于奢侈产品和服务的消费行为也变得更加成熟。俄罗斯的奢侈品消费行为模式可以通过炫耀性或象征性消费理论来解释。

此项研究的目的是确定影响俄罗斯消费者对奢侈品购买意图的因素。专注于日益增长的高阶层和中产阶级的消费行为模式。此研究假设的提出源于从业者知识和民俗研究,并采用严格的定量程序进行评估。基于两种不同的模型,调查影响俄罗斯消费者对于奢侈品购买意图。第一,对于奢侈品的态度(社会调节功能),量化奢侈品可提升持有者的个人表现,以及能够凸显一定的社会地位。第二,对于奢侈品的态度(价值表现功能),以量化奢侈品消费者的自我表达(信仰、态度、价值观)。

本研究的样本框架的建立,所需数据最初是由圣彼得堡国立大学的管理研究生院和莫斯科高等经济学院的校友所提供。此外,问卷除发放给以上两所院校的校友,还向彼尔姆和叶卡捷琳堡两座城市的中高收入群体。城市选择主要是依据研究的目标,以反映俄罗斯的地理分布。莫斯科和圣彼得堡是俄罗斯的主要城市,也是时尚之都,并且俄罗斯70%的奢侈品消费来自于以下四座城市莫斯科、圣彼得堡、叶卡捷琳堡和克拉斯诺达尔。(Euromonitor, 2015)。此外,彼尔姆在未来几年内奢侈品消费的潜力将会增长。162份受访样本来自于符合特定研究的中产阶级,并且在奢侈品消费有增长潜力的消费者。

研究结果证实了从业者的经验观点,俄罗斯奢侈品市场中消费者的行为模式符合象征性消费的特点。研究提出了影响奢侈品购买决策的五个标准:质量、设计、品牌的美誉度、时尚度、品牌历史。受访者认为良好的质量、设计和品牌声誉会影响其对奢侈品的购买决策,相反,受访者认为时尚度和品牌历史不会影响其购买决策。消费奢侈品主要为了提升个人形象以及别人眼中的自己。质量作为奢侈品最突出的属性,追求完美主义的俄罗斯消费者很注重这一属性。然而,价格因素对他们也是一样重要的。研究表明,俄罗斯的奢侈品购买频率和价格呈现出高度负相关。

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