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ABSTRACT
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and is widely considered to be the first-line defense of the body, providing essential protection against mechanical, physical, and chemical damage. Keratinocytes are the primary cells of the outer layer of the epidermis, which acts as a mechanical and permeability barrier. The epidermis is a permanently renewed tissue where undifferentiated keratinocytes located at the basal layer proliferate and migrate to the overlying layers. Here we report that some components of keratinocytes affect the formation and differentiation of the stratum corneum, which is the most specialized layer of the epidermis.
Abbreviations
| FLG | = | Filaggrin |
| LPAR1 | = | Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 |
| NHEKs | = | Normal human epidermal keratinocytes |
| SMPD | = | Sphingomyelinase |
| AD | = | Atopic dermatitis |
| IFs | = | Intermediate filaments |
| TJs | = | Tight junctions |
| DAMPs | = | Damage-associated molecular patterns |
| NLRs | = | NOD-like receptors |
| SREBP-1 | = | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 |
| PPARγ | = | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ |
| LBs | = | Lamellar bodies |
| Cers) | = | Ceramides |
| UGCG | = | UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransferase |
| GlcCers | = | Glucosylceramides |
| SG | = | Sebaceous gland |
| TG | = | Triglycerides |
| WE | = | Wax esters |
| Th2 | = | T helper type 2 |
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Author contributions statement
H Qian and X Gong participated in the conception and design of the review. J Chen and Y Yang participated in literature research and drew the figures. J Chen, CJ Liu and X Gong wrote the manuscript.