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Abstract
A nonlinear optimal (H-infinity) control method is developed for a wind power unit that comprises twin turbines, permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) and AC/DC converters. By proving differential flatness properties for this system the associated setpoints definition problem is solved. The dynamic model of the wind power unit being initially expressed in a nonlinear and multivariable state-space form, undergoes approximate linearisation around a temporary operating point that is recomputed at each time-step of the control method. The linearisation relies on first-order Taylor series expansion and on the computation of the associated Jacobian matrices. For the linearised state-space model of the wind power unit, a stabilising optimal (H-infinity) feedback controller is designed. This controller stands for the solution to the nonlinear optimal control problem of the wind power unit under model uncertainty and external perturbations. To compute the controller's feedback gains an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each iteration of the control algorithm. The global stability properties of the control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis. Finally, to implement state estimation-based control of the wind power unit, without the need to measure its entire state vector, the H-infinity Kalman Filter is used as a robust state estimator.
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Notes on contributors
Gerasimos Rigatos
Dr. Gerasimos Rigatos (Senior Member, IEEE) received a Diploma (1995) and a PhD Degree (2000) both from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece. He is Research Director at the Industrial Systems Institute, Greece. He has led research cooperation projects in the areas of nonlinear control, nonlinear filtering and control of distributed parameter systems. His results have appeared in nine research monographs. Since 2007, he has been awarded visiting professor positions at several academic institutes (Université Paris XI France; Harper-Adams University College, UK; University of Northumbria, UK; University of Salerno, Italy; Ecole Centrale de Nantes France). He is a Senior Member of IEEE and a Member and CEng of the IET. He holds an Editor's position for the Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems and for the SAE Journal of Electrified Vehicles.
Pierluigi Siano
Dr. Pierluigi Siano (Senior Member, IEEE) Pierluigi Siano (M'09–SM'14) received the M.Sc. degree in electronic engineering and the Ph.D. degree in information and electrical engineering from the University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy, in 2001 and 2006, respectively. He is a Professor and Scientific Director of the Smart Grids and Smart Cities Laboratory with the Department of Management & Innovation Systems, University of Salerno. Since 2021 he has been a Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg. His research activities are centred on demand response, energy management, the integration of distributed energy resources in smart grids, electricity markets, and planning and management of power systems. In these research fields, he has co-authored more than 700 articles including more than 410 international journals that received in Scopus more than 18000 citations with an H-index equal to 65. In the period 2019–2022 he has been awarded as a Highly Cited Researcher in Engineering by Web of Science Group. He has been the Chair of the IES TC on Smart Grids. He is Editor for the Power & Energy Society Section of IEEE Access, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, IEEE Systems.
Bilal Sari
Dr. Bilal Sari (Member IEEE) obtained a M.Sc. Diploma in 2006 in Automation and Electrical Engineering and a Ph.D. in Control Systems in 2009, both from Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers:. University of Poitiers, France. Between 2010 and 2012 he held an Associate Professor position at Polytech Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Between 2012 and 2016 he also worked as Program Manager and R&D Control Engineer at Alstom Group: Grenoble, France. From 2016 up to present he holds an Associate Professor position at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of University Setif I in Algeria, where he leads the Master Program in Industrial Automation and Process Control. His research interests are in the area of nonlinear control and systems theory. He is an author for several journal articles and conference papers in related topics.
Masoud Abbaszadeh
Dr. Masoud Abbaszadeh (Senior Member, IEEE) received B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Amirkabir University of Technology, Sharif University of Technology, and University of Alberta, in 2000, 2002, and 2008, respectively, all in Electrical and Computer Engineering. From 2001 to 2004, he was a Control and Automation Engineer. From 2008 to 2011, he was with Maplesoft, Ontario, Canada, as a Research Engineer. He was the principal developer of the MapleSim Control Design Toolbox and a member of a Maplesoft-Toyota joint research team. From 2011 to 2013, he was a Senior Research Engineer at United Technologies Research Center, CT, USA, working on advanced control systems, and complex systems modelling and simulation. Since 2013 he has been with GE Research Center, NY, USA, where he is currently a Principal Research Engineer and technical leader of the cyber-physical security & resilience section. His research interests include estimation and detection theory, robust and nonlinear control, and machine learning with applications in cyber-physical resilience. He has over 120 peer-reviewed publications, 7 book chapters and over 60 issued/pending patents. Dr. Abbaszadeh is an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, and a member of IEEE CSS Conference Editorial Board.
Mohamed Assaad Hamida
Dr. Mohamed Assaad Hamida (Member IEEE) was born in El Oued, Algeria, in 1985. He received the B.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Batna, Batna, Algeria, in 2009, the M.Sc. degree in automatic control from Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Ingénieurs de Poitiers (ENSIP), Poitiers, France, in 2010, and the Ph.D degree in automatic control and electrical engineering from Ecole centrale de Nantes, Nantes, France, in 2013. From 2013 to 2017, he was an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering with the University of Ouargla, Algeria. In 2017, he joined the Ecole Centrale de Nantes and the Laboratory of Digital Sciences of Nantes (LS2N), as an Associate Professor. Dr. Hamida has led several research projects at Ecole Centrale of Nantes and has been the head of the real-time systems unit in the same university. His research interests include robust nonlinear control (higher order sliding mode, backstepping, adaptive control, optimal control), theoretical aspects of nonlinear observer design, control and fault diagnosis of electrical systems and renewable energy applications.