Microbes induced biofabrication of nanoparticles: a review

Abstract

The emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology has explored various protocols to identify many hidden dimensions of matter, modified existing laws, and principles of nature. Synthesis of nanodimensional material via traditional physical and chemical routes has been employed since ancient times. These methods are capable of producing nanoparticles of different size, shape, and morphology, however, these methods are expensive, and energy consuming, hazardous, along with releasing toxic chemicals and by-products. There is a dire need for development and adaption of cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable green methodologies to prevent and minimize increasing environmental pollution. Biosynthesis has led to the emergence of a new field of research, which is a convergence of both Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, i.e., Nanobiotechnology and Bionanotechnology. This review summarizes the recent trends in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms. In addition, it also highlights different parameters affecting the biosynthesis process identified in previous research in this field.

Keywords:

• Microorganisms
• biosynthesis
• nanomaterials
• biomolecules
• nanobiotechnology
• bionanotechnology