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ABSTRACT
Technological innovations for the development of self-monitoring systems for health factors are inspirable. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the major cause in the human mortality rate in recent years. In the present context, development of various cholesterol biosensors as a reliable and self-examining instinct solution for evaluating the biochemical levels in the human body is a contemporary aspiration. In this review, utilization of different polymers, biopolymers and its nanocomposites for biosensor applications have been discussed. Also, factors affecting the performance of cholesterol biosensors are included for a simple and cost-effective biosensors to the global market.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
List of Abbreviations
| AEP | = | Acetone-extracted propolis |
| AgNF | = | Silver nanofiber |
| ATP | = | Adenosine triphosphate |
| AuNPs | = | Gold nanoparticles |
| ChEt | = | Cholesterol esterase |
| ChOx | = | Cholesterol oxidase |
| CM | = | Chylomicron |
| CMC | = | Carboxymethyl cellulose |
| CNF | = | Carbon nanofiber |
| CPE | = | Carbon paste electrode |
| CS | = | Chitosan |
| CVD | = | Cardio vascular diseases |
| DAN | = | Diaminonaphthalene |
| DBS | = | Dodecylbenzenesulphonate |
| DLPC | = | Di-lauroylphosphatidylcholine |
| DMSA | = | 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid |
| DNA | = | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| EDC | = | N-ethyl-N’-(3- dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide |
| ENFET | = | Enzyme field effect transistor |
| FAD | = | Flavin adenine dinucleotide |
| GCE | = | Glassy carbon electrode |
| GK | = | Glycerol kinase |
| GPO | = | Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase |
| HDL | = | High density lipoprotein |
| HMF | = | Hydroxymethylferrocene |
| HRP | = | Horseradish peroxidise |
| HQ | = | Hydroquinone |
| ISFET | = | Ion-selective field effect transistor |
| ITO | = | Indium tin oxide |
| LB | = | Langmuir Blodgett |
| LBL | = | Layer by layer |
| LCDs | = | Liquid crystal displays |
| LDL | = | Low density lipoprotein |
| MPA | = | 3-mercaptopropionic acid |
| MPMS | = | 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methosulfate |
| MPTMS | = | (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane |
| MTMOS | = | Methyltrimethoxysilane |
| NADH | = | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| NHS | = | N-hydroxysuccinimide |
| PANI | = | Polyaniline |
| PB | = | Prussian blue |
| PDDA | = | Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) |
| PEDOT | = | Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) |
| PGE | = | Pyrolytic graphite electrode |
| PMB | = | Polymethylene blue |
| PNCs | = | Polymer nanocomposites |
| PPD | = | Poly (o-phenylenediamine) |
| PPy | = | Polypyrrole |
| PSS | = | Poly (styrene sulfonate) |
| PTH | = | Polythionine |
| PtNPs | = | Platinum nanoparticles |
| SDBS | = | Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate |
| SPE | = | Screen printed electrode |
| SWCNT | = | Single-walled carbon nanotube |
| TBB | = | 4-tert-butylbenzoquinone |
| TBC | = | 4- Tert-butylcatechol |
| TBMPC | = | Tributylmethylphosphonium chloride |
| TCO | = | Transparent conductive oxide |
| TEOS | = | Tetraethoxysilane |
| VLDL | = | Very low density lipoprotein |
| ZnO | = | Zinc oxide |
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Neethu Antony
Neethu Antony completed her MSc degree in Biopolymer science from Cochin University of Science and Technology and she is currently pursuing her PhD in Polymer Science at Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar. Her main research interests focus on Cholesterol biosensors and polymer nanocomposites.
Lakshmi Unnikrishnan
Dr. Lakshmi Unnikrishnan is working as Scientist in Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar and has more than 9 years of research experience. She obtained her PhD from Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha, India. Her active research area includes membranes, polymer blends and nanocomposites.
Smita Mohanty
Dr. Smita Mohanty is working as a Director (Principal Scientist) at Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar and has more than 12 years of research experience. She obtained her PhD from Utkal University, Odisha, India. She has also initiated advanced research at LARPM including E-waste recycling, biopolymers from natural resources, and polymer electrolytes.
Sanjay K. Nayak
Prof. (Dr.) Sanjay K. Nayak holds the position of Director General and Cheif Executive Officer of Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology with 33 years of experience in teaching, research and administration. He obtained his PhD from Utkal University, Odisha, India. He is an active researcher in the field of polymer science and technology, with several publications in peer-reviewed international journals and patented technologies in the area of advanced polymeric materials and characterization.