Fabrication and characterization of colon specific eudragit coated graphene oxide microsphere for sustained delivery of tramadol hydrochloride

ABSTRACT

Present investigation reports a straight forward method for synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) followed by fabrication of graphene oxide microsphere (GMS) using water in oil (w/o) emulsification technique. For colon specific drug delivery, enteric coating is desirable, which was done using Eudragit S100 and characterized by Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology of fabricated microsphere was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drug loaded microspheres demonstrated a high payload capacity for model drug tramadol hydrochloride (TmH). The comparative In-vitro drug release showed around 72.37% release from uncoated microspheres, whereas eudragit coated microspheres retarded the drug release upto 10 h.

Graphical Abstract

KEYWORDS:

• Graphene oxide
• microsphere fabrication
• colon targeted drug delivery system
• irritable bowel disease

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Department of Science and Technology, Nanomission Division, Government of India, New Delhi. Grant ID [SR/NM/NS-1302/2014(C&G)].

Notes on contributors

Mahesh P. More

Mr. Mahesh P. More was born on April 4, 1990. He received his Master of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) (2013) from H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur (M.S.) and Bachelor of Pharmacy from Institute of Pharmaceutical Education, Boradi (Shirpur, M.S.) in 2011. Currently he is working as PhD Research Scholar at H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur under supervision of Dr. Prashant K. Deshmukh on DST Nanomission Project entitled as “Synthesis and characterization of 2D carbon backbone based hybrid magnetic nanocomposite for selective tumor theranostics” (SR/NM/NS-1302/2014(G)). Previously he is working at Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai in an industry driven project for development of commercial nano-related product along with NanoXpert Technologies, Mumbai. He has worked as Technical/Product Executive at Nanoxpert Technologies, Mumbai after working at Sirmaxo Chemicals Pvt Ltd, Mumbai as Jr. Formulation Officer (R&D). During his Master course (2011 - 2013) he selected for state and University level AVISHKAR 2012 presentations. He has hands-on experience in designing and synthesis of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, polymers, copolymers for drug delivery and sensing applications at the laboratory level and makes it feasible for the development of commercial batches. His major field of scientific interest synthesis of graphene, graphene quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles, copolymers, drug nanocarrier, etc.

Ganesh B. Patil

Mr. Ganesh B. Patil received his master degree in Quality Assurance in 2008 from R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur (M.S.). He did his bachelor in pharmacy (B. Pharm) at SGRS College of Pharmacy, Saswad, Pune (M.S.). He joined the department of Pharmaceutics at H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur (M.S.) on 1st July 2008. He was Investigator for project sanctioned by AICTE, New Delhi under RPS, His research specialization includes fabrication and statistical optimization of various nanotechnology based drug delivery systems. His major fields of scientific interest are Naso-brain drug delivery, Nanotechnology based drug delivery etc.

Sanjay D. Thakare

Mr. Sanjay D. Thakare completed his Master of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics) from H.R.Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dist – Dhule in year 2012. His research interest includes polymer synthesis, nose to brain delivery, graphene synthesis and graphene derivatization. He is currently working as Sr. Production Officer in INTAS Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Ahmedabad.

Pravin O. Patil

Dr. Pravin O. Patil received his PhD in January 2014 from R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur (M.S.). He did his M. Pharmacy in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from NDMVP͛s College of Pharmacy, Nashik (2005) and B. Pharmacy at R. C. Patel College of Pharmacy, Shirpur (M.S.). He has qualified GATE 2002 and 2003. He joined the department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur (M.S.) on 8^th September 2005. Presently, he is head of Pharmaceutical Chemistry department at HRPIPER, Shirpur and approved Associate Professor as well as PG teacher in Pharmaceutical Chemistry by North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. He also has hands on experience on microwave synthesizer, CADD software, UV, HPLC and FT-IR spectrophotometer. His major fields of scientific interest are green synthesis of graphene based material for biosensing platform and novel pharmacophore development for several cancer targets using computational tools and their evaluation against a panel of human cancer cell lines using various in vitro assay techniques.

Ashwini G. Patil

Dr. Ashwini G. Patil currently working as Assistant Professor at Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, R.C.Patel Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shirpur, Dist – Dhule. Her research area includes drug delivery, biofilm, dental abnormalities, graphene, carbon materials, heavy metal sensing and dye degradation.

Prashant K. Deshmukh

Dr. Prashant K. Deshmukh is working as a head, department of pharmaceutics at HRPIPER, Shirpur since 1^st Aug. 2006. Currently, he is working on different aspects of targeted drug delivery carrier and nanoparticles/nanocomposite synthesis. His area of research includes synthesis of polymeric/Inorganic nanoparticles, scaffold for tissue engineering applications, wound healing applications, Nanoarchitectonics, Quality by design approach for synthesis of nanomaterials, etc. He has also worked on drug delivery devices such as Pulsin cap, bioadhesive, gastro retentive systems, and ophthalmic formulations. His recent area of research is synthesis of graphene oxide/magnetite nanocomposite for cancer theranostic. He is currently executing the project sponsored by DST Nanomission, entitled “Synthesis and characterization of 2D-carbon backbone based hybrid magnetic nanocomposites for selective tumour theranostics” as a Principal Investigator. He consecutively won Troikaa Pharmaceuticals Ltd. and Department of Science and Technology sponsored ‘Rajnibhai V. Patel’ Best research guide award for National level competition ‘Pharminnova’, three times for the year 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16 and Best teacher award (Affiliated colleges) conferred by North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Recently his PG research team awarded by Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)-SRISTI Appreciation award worth Rs. 1 Lac for “Fabrication of novel gelatin hybrid microsponge (SiFroGel): A socioeconomic product for complete wound management”.