ABSTRACT
The present article highlights intensive research carried out on the study of potential applications of nanocomposites based on combination of nanomaterials with intrinsically conducting polymers, i.e., polyaniline, polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) at electrochemical and biosensing platforms. Extensive literature information is summed up in this review article regarding synthesis, characterization techniques, target analytes, limit of detection and possible interactions of nanomaterials with conducting polymers. Widespread data of various nanomaterials/conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensor, immunosensor, gas sensor and biosensor in field of pharmaceutics, pesticides, microbiology, genomics, etc., have been mainly focused as well as future outlook has also been compiled here.
Graphical abstract
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to UGC for awarding fellowship to Miss Gagandeep Kaur (UGC-National Fellowship for OBC-Student id-201819-NFO-2018-19-OBC-PUN-78836).
Disclosure
Authors have no conflict of interest related to this manuscript.
List of abbreviations
AbbreviationFull name
AFMAtomic force microscopy
APSAmmonium persulfate
BETBrunauer–Emmett–Teller
CNMsCarbon nanomaterials
CNTsCarbon nanotubes
CPsConducting polymers
CPNsConducting polymer nanocomposites
αCRPC-reactive protein
CVCyclic voltammetry
DANDiaminonaphthalene
DNADeoxyribonucleic acid
DPSVDifferential pulse stripping voltammetry
DPVDifferential pulse voltammetry
EDOT3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene
EDSEnergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
EISElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy
FESEMField emission scanning electron microscopy
FSCVFast-scan cyclic voltammetry
FTIRFourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
GGraphene
GCEGlassy carbon electrode
GOGraphene oxide
HPLCHigh-performance liquid chromatography
HRTEMHigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy
LODLimit of detection
MNPsMetal nanoparticles
MWCNTsMulti-walled carbon nanotubes
NPsNanoparticles
PANIPolyaniline
PLPhotoluminescence
PPyPolypyrrole
PEDOTPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
PVPPolyvinylpyrrolidone
RGOReduced graphene oxide
SEMScanning electron microscopy
SWASVSquare-wave anodic stripping voltammetry
SWCNTsSingle-walled carbon nanotubes
f- SWCNTsFunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes
SWSVSquare wave striping voltammetry
SWVSquare wave voltammetry
TEMTransmission electron microscopy
TGAThermogravimetric analysis
UV-visUltraviolet–visible spectroscopy
WDSWavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
XODXanthine oxidase
XPSX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
XRDX-ray powder diffraction
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Gagandeep Kaur
Miss Gagandeep Kaur received her M.Sc. (2017) from Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala. She has been pursuing Ph.D. Chemistry under supervision of Dr. Harpreet Kaur. Her fields of research interest are nanosynthesis, surface chemistry, sensors and environmental chemistry. She has been awarded with Inspire Scholarship (2013-2017) by DST. She is currently awarded with UGC-National Fellowship for OBC.
Anupreet Kaur
Dr. Anupreet Kaur received her Ph.D. (2012) from Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala. She has been working as Assistant Professor in Basic and Applied Sciences Department, Punjabi University, Patiala. Her fields of research are nanotechnology, environmental and analytical chemistry, synthesis of conducting nanomaterials and nanocomposites.
Harpreet Kaur
Dr. Harpreet Kaur received her Ph.D. (2007) from Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala. She has been working as Senior Assistant Professor in Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala. Her fields of research interest are Synthetic electrochemistry, surface chemistry, nanosynthesis and environmental chemistry. Her h-index from google citations is 8. She has more than 35 research papers in various reputed national and international journals.