Head and Heart: Yoga Therapy and Art Therapy Interventions for Mental Health (La tête et le coeur : interventions pour la santé mentale en thérapie par le yoga et en art-thérapie) , by Ellen G. Horovitz

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Notes

1 As referenced by Horovitz, 2021. All references by Horovitz, 2021 will be marked with:¹. (Rama Lotus Yoga Centre, 2018)

2 The Yamas comprises ahiṁsā (non-violence/compassion), satya (commitment to truth), asteya (non-stealing), brahmacharua (celestial unity/sexual moderation), and aparigraha (non-possessiveness); and the Niyamas comprises saucha (purity), santosha (contentment), tapas (passionate discipline), swadyaya (self-observation), and ishvara (surrender to the divine) (Rama Lotus Yoga Centre, 2018).

3 YogaMatePro has since rebranded as Yoga for Better Health and can be found at yogabetterhealth.com. ) Yoga for Better Health has two apps, one for those who practice yoga and one for professional yoga therapists (Yoga for Better Health, n.d.).

4 Norming is widely known as the third stage of Tuckman’s 1965 theory of group development (Tuckman & Jensen, 1977). Norms are formal and informal sociocultural constructed rules of human/group interaction (Kelly & Setman, 2020; Renbarger & Morgan, 2018) and assessment (Kelly & Setman, 2020). Norming is rooted in can be a conscious, subconscious, and unconscious socialization/ acculturation process, adapted to or adopted, as in Tuckman’s group dynamics, to align with perceived normal or usual behaviour. As a form of socio-creativity organized by social facts (Bazerman, 2004) and translocal texts (Harrison, 2006; McCoy, 1995). According to Davis, these norms are based on eugenics which perpetuate a patriarchal hegemony of discrimination, out of which the middle class and the Nazi movement arose (Davis, 1997). Discrimination is, Davis continues, an exclusionary othering of the outliers and the idealizing the average, ipso facto the white male, which became the utopian ideal. Ideological codes or boss texts are used in this hierarchal norming (Taber, 2009), which Fuller (2004) refers to as rankism, a bidirectional process of somebodying and nobodying self and others.