https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2707
![Sample our Food Science & Technology journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5936/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Food-Science-Technology.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
The demand for plant-based proteins is increasing at a rapid rate in the modern era. Hence, finding a new source of plant proteins might fulfill such requirements. Corn distilleries generate various protein-containing by-products, for instance, an undervalued and less explored corn distillers solubles (CDS). The CDS was reviewed to assess its potential as a new source of proteins and bioactive peptides. This review summarizes the current understanding of CDS proteins, with an emphasis on their composition, characteristics, quality, and bioactive peptides for cost-effective applications. Finally, several industrial applications of proteins and protein hydrolysates of CDS have been discussed, as well as the destiny of these products in terms of restrictions, barriers, future research paths, and problems. The literature showed that proteins of CDS were glycated to some extent due to the multiple evaporation steps employed in distilleries. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the influence of yeast on the quality and quantity of CDS proteins has not been studied comprehensively. The digestibility of CDS proteins has not been clearly explicated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of protein concentrate from CDS implied its potential as protein hydrolysates comprising antioxidant capacity, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition as the prime activities.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Abbreviations
| CGM | = | corn gluten meal |
| DDGS | = | distillers dried grains with solubles |
| CDS | = | corn distillers solubles |
| Mw | = | molecular weight |
| AAs | = | amino acids |
| SDS | = | PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel |
| CTS | = | corn thin stillage |
| PF | = | protein fraction |
| PHs | = | protein hydrolysate |
| FAN | = | free amino nitrogen |
| DH | = | degree of hydrolysis |
| ACE | = | angiotensin converting enzyme |
| CE-MS | = | capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry |
| FPLC | = | fast protein liquid chromatography |
| ACE-ia | = | angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity |
| DPP4-ia | = | dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitory activity |
| PC | = | protein concentrate |
| RSA | = | radical scavenging activity |
| SEC | = | size exclusion chromatography |
| RP-HPLC | = | reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography |
| DPPH | = | 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl |
| ABTS+ | = | 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid |
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Biofuel Net Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph Ontario, IGPC Ethanol Inc., Aylmer, Ontario, Canada; Shrimp Canada, 67 Watson Rd. S (Unit - 2), Guelph, Ontario, N1L 1 E3, Canada.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
Sonu Sharma: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft. Aneela Hayder: Analysis, Writing – original draft. Ranjan Pradhan: Review & editing, Supervision. Annamalai Manickavasagan: review & editing, Supervision. Mahendra Thimmanagari: Writing – review & editing. Singam Suranjoy Singh: Analysis, Writing – original draft. Adya Aiswarya Dash: Analysis, Writing – original draft. Animesh Dutta: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Resources.