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Original Articles

Yeast Cell Cycle during Fermentation and Beer Quality

El Ciclo de Células de Levadura Durante la Fermentación y Calidad de Cerveza

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Pages 151-154 | Received 17 Dec 2003, Accepted 05 Oct 2005, Published online: 01 Feb 2018
 

Abstract

The yeast cell cycle is divided into four phases, G0/G1, S, G2, and M. Among them, G1 was thought to be the most important phase for fermentation performance because yeast cells undergo many critical preparations before budding. Therefore, it is advantageous to analyze the biochemical changes in the G1 phase to more precisely control the fermentation performance. However, the intracellular transition of yeast cells during the G1 phase has not been studied in detail because there was no method to simultaneously monitor the DNA and RNA contents in individual yeast cells. To solve this problem, we developed a new method for yeast cells by modifying the DNA/RNA double-staining method used for mammalian cells. DNA and RNA of yeast cells were stained with acridine orange under acidic conditions with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The DNA and RNA contents in the yeast cells were measured using a flow cytometer. With this new method, we detected the amount of variation in the DNA and RNA. During the G1 phase, RNA was synthesized before the DNA synthesis that corresponded to yeast cell budding. The DNA/RNA synthesis during the G1 phase correlated with the fermentation performance and beer quality. It is worth noting that the DNA/RNA synthesis timing before the first budding significantly affects the final beer product quality.

RESUMEN

El ciclo de células de levadura se divide en cuatro fases, G0/G1, S, G2, y M. Entre ellas, G1 se consideraba la fase más importante para el desempeño de fermentación porque las células de levadura experimentan muchas preparaciones críticas antes de brotar. Por lo tanto, es ventajoso analizar los cambios bioquímicos de la fase G1 para precisamente controlar el desempeño de fermentación. Sin embargo, la transición intracelular de células de levadura durante la fase G1 no se ha estudiado con detalle porque no había método para controlar simultáneamente el contenido de ADN y ARN en células individuales de levadura. Para resolver este problema, nosotros desarrollamos un método nuevo para células de levadura modificando el método de doble-manchando de ADN/ARN utilizado con células mamíferas. ADN y ARN de células de levadura se mancharon con naranja de acridina bajo condiciones ácidas con ácido etilendiaminotetraacético. Los contenidos de ADN y ARN en las células de levadura se midieron utilizando un citómetro de flujo. Con este nuevo método, detectamos la cantidad de variación en ADN y ARN. Durante la fase G1, el ARN se sintetizó antes del síntesis de ADN que corresponde al brote de células de levadura. La síntesis de ADN/ARN durante la fase G1 tuvo correlación con el desempeño de fermentación y calidad de cerveza. Vale notar que el tiempo de síntesis de ADN/ARN antes del primer brote apreciablemente afecta la calidad final del producto de cerveza.

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