The IJsselcog project: from excavation to 3D reconstruction

Abstract

The 15th‐century IJsselcog was lifted in 2016 from the river IJssel near Kampen (the Netherlands). From stern to bow and from starboard to portside about 70% of the original wooden hull is preserved. The combined approach of analogue documentation and photogrammetry enabled the research team to reconstruct the original ship in 2D and 3D, followed by a comprehensive study of its nautical characteristics. The hull volume and height were maximized by the shipbuilders using previously unknown construction elements in cogs, such as wales and vertical riders; shipbuilding traits that are generally applied to 16th‐ and 17th‐century carvel‐built cargo ships.

Abstracto

El proyecto IJsselcog: de la excavación a la reconstrucción 3D

La embarcación IJsselcog del siglo XV fue recuperada en el 2016 del rio IJssel cerca de Kampen (Países Bajos). De popa a proa y de estribor a babor, se preserva alrededor de un 70% del casco original. La combinación de enfoques de documentación análoga y fotogrametría le permitieron al equipo de trabajo llevar a cabo la reconstrucción de la embarcación original en 2D y 3D, seguida de un estudio comprensivo de sus características náuticas. El volumen del casco y su puntal fueron maximizados por los constructores navales empleando elementos de construcción previamente desconocidos en las cocas, como cintas y sobreplanes verticales; atributos de construcción naval que generalmente fueron aplicados a embarcaciones de carga construidas con la técnica de traca a tope durante los siglos XVI y XVII.

抽象

艾瑟尔柯克船 (IJsselcog) 项目:从发掘到3D复原

十五世纪的艾瑟尔柯克船 (IJsselcog) 2016年于坎彭 (荷兰) 附近的艾瑟尔河中发掘出水。从船艉至-艏及右舷至左舷, 大约70%的原木船体得以保存。模拟文档与摄影测量相结合的方法使研究团队得以在2D和3D-重建原船, 并对其航海特征进行综合研究。造船厂在柯克船上使用了从前未知的建筑构件, 如舷板和纵向加强材, 从而使-体容积和高度达到最大化;这些-船特征通常应用于16-17世纪外板平接法造的货船。

艾瑟爾柯克船 (IJsselcog) 項目:從發掘到3D複原

十五世紀的艾瑟爾柯克船 (IJsselcog) 2016年于坎彭 (荷蘭) 附近的艾瑟爾河中發掘出水。從船艉至-艏及右舷至左舷, 大約70%的原木船體得以保存。模擬文檔與攝影測量相結合的方法使研究團隊得以在2D和3D-重建原船, 並對其航海特征進行綜合研究。造船廠在柯克船上使用了從前未知的建築構件, 如舷板和縱向加強材, 從而使-體容積和高度達到最大化;這些-船特征通常應用于16-17世紀外板平接法造的貨船。

ملخص

Key words:

• cog
• cargo ships
• underwater excavation
• 3D recording and reconstruction
• medieval Kampen (the Netherlands)
• shipbuilding innovations

Acknowledgements

This research is funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), municipality of Kampen, Samenwerkende Maritieme Fondsen, province of Overijssel, Batavialand and the consortium Isalacogghe that conducted the excavation and lifting of the IJsselcog. The excavation and lifting of the IJsselcog was financed by the Ministry of Infrastructure (Rijkswaterstaat). The 2D reconstruction drawings were made by K. Vlierman, former employee of the Netherlands Institute of Ship Archaeology (NISA, Lelystad) and edited by ADC. We would like to thank Robert McNeel & Associates (http://www.rhino3d.com) and Orca 3D (http://www.orca3d.com) for the use and support of their software. We also like to thank Pat Tanner for his useful advice and for sharing the Bremen cog 3D model prepared with data made available by M. Belasus, German Maritime Museum‐Leibniz Institute for the maritime history project ‘Hanse trade in the North Atlantic’, funded by the Leibniz Association. Gavin Williams (ADC ArcheoProjecten) helped us with writing our research in English. Finally, we are grateful for the comments of the editor and anonymous peer reviewers who improved the quality of this article.

Notes

1. Archaeological company with a maritime archaeology department based in Amersfoort: http://www.archeologie.nl.

2. Civil dive company specialized in measurements underwater and geophysical surveys: http://www.baars-cipro.nl.

3. Maritime company specialized in heavy lifting and salvage, based in Zwartsluis and Rotterdam: http://www.hebo-maritiemservice.nl.

Additional information

Funding

Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research