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Abstract
This paper studies the relationships between family involvement and internationalization of family small and medium enterprises (), examining the effects exerted by the three main dimensions that comprise the concept of familiness: power, experience, and culture. Disentangling the influence of familiness dimensions lead us to discover the combined effects of family's governance, generation, and culture on ' export activity. The results, using the ‐ scale over a sample of 500 Spanish firms, show that this multidimensional approach better identifies the determinants of the family ' internationalization. Specifically, we find that the family experience and its culture orientation positively affect the firm's export activity, whereas family governance/management does not have any significant influence.
* Financial support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Science through Project CSO2010‐17761 is gratefully acknowledged.
* Financial support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Science through Project CSO2010‐17761 is gratefully acknowledged.
Notes
* Financial support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Science through Project CSO2010‐17761 is gratefully acknowledged.
1 The Malmquist index is calculated through 
, where yi is the output of firm i (i = 1, … N), si,j is the weight of each input j (in the i‐th firm), and xi,j is the amount of j‐th input; the terms with a bar being the average for all the firms in each sector. See Caves, Christensen, and Diewert (Citation1982) for details.
2 Maximum VIF for each variable (there is one different VIF for every model): size = 1.17; age = 1.14; productivity = 1.19; ITI = 1.03; familiness = 1.12; power = 1.14; experience = 1.14; and culture = 1.13.
3 The coefficients are not comparable because the export propensity is a binary variable and the model is a probit, whereas the export intensity is a censored variable estimated with a tobit.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Fernando Merino
Fernando Merino is associate professor at the Department of Applied Economics of the University of Murcia, Spain.
Joaquín Monreal‐pérez
Joaquín Monreal‐Pérez is assistant professor at the Department of Management and Finance of the University of Murcia, Spain.
Gregorio Sánchez‐marín
Gregorio Sánchez‐Marín is associate professor at the Department of Management and Finance of the University of Murcia, Spain.