Sp1 Binds Two Sites in the CD11c Promoter In Vivo Specifically in Myeloid Cells and Cooperates with AP1 to Activate Transcription

Abstract

The leukocyte integrin gene, CD11c, is transcriptionally regulated and is expressed predominately on differentiated cells of the myelomonocytic lineage. In this study we have demonstrated that the regions −72 to −63 and −132 to −104 of the CD11c promoter contain elements responsible for phorbol ester-induced differentiation of the myeloid cell line HL60. DNase I footprinting analysis revealed that these regions can bind purified Sp1, and supershift analysis with Sp1 antibody confirmed that Sp1 in HL60 nuclear extracts could bind these regions. Transfection analysis of CD11c promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs containing deletions of these Sp1-binding sites revealed that these sites are essential for expression of the CD11c gene in HL60 cells but not in the T-cell line Molt4 or the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. Moreover, cotransfection of pP_acSp1 along with these CD11c promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs into Sp1-deficient Drosophila Schneider 2 cells verified that these sites are essential for Sp1-dependent expression of the CD11c promoter. In vivo genomic footprinting revealed that Sp1 contacts the CD11c promoter within the regions −69 to −63 and −116 to −105 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated HL60 cells but not in undifferentiated HL60 cells or in Molt4 or HeLa cells. Cotransfection assays in HL60 cells revealed that Sp1 acts synergistically with AP1 to activate CD11c. Further, both Sp1 sites are capable of cooperating with AP1. In vitro DNase I footprinting analysis with purified Sp1 and c-jun proteins showed that Sp1 binding could facilitate binding of c-jun. We propose that myeloid-specific expression of the CD11c gene is, in part, a result of myeloid-restricted binding of Sp1 to the CD11c promoter and is facilitated by cooperative interaction between the Sp1- and AP1-binding sites.