The Essential WD Repeat Protein Swd2 Has Dual Functions in RNA Polymerase II Transcription Termination and Lysine 4 Methylation of Histone H3

Abstract

Swd2, an essential WD repeat protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a component of two very different complexes: the cleavage and polyadenylation factor CPF and the Set1 methylase, which modifies lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3-K4). It was not known if Swd2 is important for the function of either of these entities. We show here that, in extract from cells depleted of Swd2, cleavage and polyadenylation of the mRNA precursor in vitro are completely normal. However, temperature-sensitive mutations or depletion of Swd2 causes termination defects in some genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Overexpression of Ref2, a protein previously implicated in snoRNA 3′ end formation and Swd2 recruitment to CPF, can rescue the growth and termination defects, indicating a functional interaction between the two proteins. Some swd2 mutations also significantly decrease global H3-K4 methylation and cause other phenotypes associated with loss of this chromatin modification, such as loss of telomere silencing, hydroxyurea sensitivity, and alterations in repression of INO1 transcription. Even though the two Swd2-containing complexes are both localized to actively transcribed genes, the allele specificities of swd2 defects suggest that the functions of Swd2 in mediating RNA polymerase II termination and H3-K4 methylation are not tightly coupled.

We thank M. Hampsey, D. Allis, L. Pillus, A. Johnson, J. Williamson, and D. Brow for sharing reagents with us; K. Havens for his help with the REF2 overexpression experiments; P. Nagy and M. Cleary for sharing data before publication; and M. Hampsey and A. Zhelkovsky for helpful discussions and for their critical reading of drafts of the manuscript.

This work was supported by NIH grants GM068887 and GM041752 to C.M.