MrgX Is Not Essential for Cell Growth and Development in the Mouse

Abstract

MRGX is one of the members of MORF4/MRG family of transcriptional regulators, which are involved in cell growth regulation and cellular senescence. We have shown that MRGX and MRG15 associate with Rb in nucleoprotein complexes and regulate B-myb promoter activity. To elucidate the functions of MRGX and to explore its potential role in modulating cell growth in vivo, we have generated MrgX-deficient mice. Characterization of the expression pattern of mouse MrgX demonstrated it was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of adult mice and also during embryogenesis and overlapped with its homolog Mrg15. MRGX and MRG15 proteins localize predominantly to the chromatin fraction in the nucleus, although a small amount of both proteins localized to the nuclear matrix. Whereas disruption of Mrg15 results in embryonic lethality, absence of MrgX did not impair mouse development and MrgX null mice are healthy and fertile. MrgX-deficient and wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) also had similar growth rates and showed no differences in cell cycle-related gene expression in response to serum stimulation. Mrg15 expression in MrgX-deficient tissues and MEFs was not upregulated compared with wild-type tissues and MEFs. MRG15 is highly conserved with orthologs present from humans to yeast and is essential for survival of mice. In contrast, MRGX, which evolved later, is expressed only in vertebrates, suggesting that the lack of phenotype of MrgX-deficient mice is secondary to a compensatory effect by the evolutionarily conserved MRG15 protein but not vice versa.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Simona Varani for ES cell technology, Bisong Haupt for ES cell injection, Johanna Echigo and Julio Agno for maintaining mice, Meihua Song for purification of antibodies, Emiko Tominaga for MEF and HeLa cell cultures, and James R. Smith for discussion. We also thank all members of the Smith group at UTHSCSA for many valuable discussions and comments.

This work was supported by NIH grants P01AG2752 (O.M.P.S.) and CA60651 (to M.M.M.), the Ellison Medical Foundation (O.M.P.S.), and the American Federation for Aging Research (K.T.).