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Original Articles

Intervención educativa en conciencia fonológica en niños prelectores de lengua materna española y tamazight. Comparación de dos programas de entrenamiento

Educational intervention in phonological awareness in preliterate children with Spanish and Tamazight as first language: Comparison of two training programmes

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Pages 39-54 | Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

El presente trabajo evalúa la eficacia de dos programas de entrenamiento en conciencia fonológica, uno de los cuales incluye actividades musicales, en función de la lengua materna de los niños. Participaron 97 niños de educación infantil, el 46.39% de lengua materna española y el 53.60% tamazight (un dialecto bereber, de transmisión oral, de la zona del Rif de Marruecos). Se diseñó un estudio pretest-postest durante dos años, contres grupos de comparación (dos grupos de intervención y un grupo control). Se tomaron medidas tanto de lectura de letras como de conciencia fonológica, memoria verbal a corto plazo y velocidad de denominación. De forma general, los resultados indican que después de la fase de intervención los dos grupos experimentales obtenían resultados superiores al grupo control en todas las medidas de procesamiento fonológico y lectura. Además, la intervención del grupo que combinaba fonología y música era mejor para incrementar la conciencia o sensibilidad a las rimas. Se encuentran, también, diferentes efectos de los programas de entrenamiento en función de la lengua maternal.

Abstract

The effectiveness of two training programmes on phonological awareness related to the child's first language was evaluated. One of the training programmes included musical activities. 97 preschoolers participated in the study, 46.39% children spoke Spanish as their first language, and 53.60% children spoke Tamazight (a Berber dialect that is transmitted orally and is spoken in Morocco's Rif area). A two year pretest-posttest study with three groups was designed (two intervention groups and a control group). Measures were taken both of letter knowledge and phonological awareness, and short term verbal memory and naming speed performance. Overall, the results showed that after the intervention phase the two experimental groups performed better than the control group on all phonological processing and reading measures. Moreover, the intervention combining phonological and music activities was found to improve rhyme awareness. The two training programmes were also found to differentially affect the children as a function of the child's first language.

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