Berne's Original Model of Ego States: Some Theoretical Considerations

Abstract

This paper discusses Berne's original concept of ego states (as derived from Fedem [1953/1977] and Penfield [1975]) and clarifies, in particular, the authors' understanding of integrated Adult ego states and their relationship to both Parent and Child ego states. In terms of this perspective on ego states, the psychotherapeutic goal is the achievement of a fully integrated Adult ego state, without complete or partial interference from archaic personal experiences or the unintegrated “psychic presences” of significant parent figures from the past. The paper focuses on Berne's view of the phenomenological reality of ego states. His main contribution was his recognition that Parent, Adult, and Child ego states are three categories of existential phenomena, not theoretical constructs. The authors emphasize the importance of establishing an uncontaminated Adult ego state in the mature personality. They also acknowledge that each ego state (Parent, Adult, or Child) can influence the others in helpful or harmful ways and is modifiable over time. The authors believe they are bridging a theoretical gap in transactional analysis theory between apparently opposed views of ego states.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Petrūska Clarkson

Petruska Clarkson, M.A., Ph.D. (Clin. Psych.), C.T.M., a clinical psychologist and practicing psychotherapist, is the Director of Clinical Training for metanoia Psychotherapy Training Institute in London, England. She is currently on the ITAA Board of Trustees.

Maria Gilbert

Maria Gilbert, M.A. (Clin. Psych.), C.T.M., a clinical psychologist, supervisor, and practicing psychotherapist, is the Director of Clinical Services for metanoia Psychotherapy Training Institute in London, England.