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Articles

Military and Civilian: Reconfiguring the End of Roman Britain in the North

Militaires et civiles: Reconfiguration de la fin de la Grande-Bretagne septentrionale romaine

Militär und Zivilisten: Eine Neubewertung des Endes des römischen Britannien im Norden

Pages 314-335 | Received 09 Jun 2012, Accepted 09 Nov 2012, Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

This study explores the impact of recent discoveries on our understanding of the transition from the Roman to early medieval periods in northern England. Using the Tees Valley as a case study, it shows how modern interpretations of this process have focused primarily on the afterlife of the military sites in the region. However, the increased identification of significant Roman civilian settlements forces us to reconsider the dominant narratives and rethink the underlying processes that influenced the move from Roman-controlled frontier society in the fourth century to a fifth century society comprising both culturally Anglo-Saxon social groups and sub-Roman successor polities. A wider consideration is also given to how the changing patterns in the use of space and in refuse disposal strategies can be used to shed light on wider patterns of changing social identity in the later fourth century AD.

Cet article examine les incidences des découvertes récentes sur notre compréhension de la transition des périodes romaines à celles du début du Moyen-âge en Angleterre septentrionale. En utilisant la Tees Valley comme étude de cas, on montre comment les interprétations modernes de ce processus se sont surtout concentrées sur l’évolution des anciens sites militaires de la région. Toutefois, suite à l'identification d'un nombre croissant d'implantations civiles romaines d'une certaine importance, nous sommes obligés de reconsidérer le discours dominant et de repenser les processus sous-jacents qui ont influencé le passage d'une société aux frontières contrôlées par les romains au 4e siècle à une société comprenant aussi bien les groupes sociaux de culture anglo-saxonne que les régimes politiques successeurs post-romains. Nous examinons également comment aborder les changements dans l'utilisation de l'espace et des stratégies d’élimination des déchets afin d’éclaircir plus généralement le changement de l'identité sociale à la fin du 4e siècle AD. Translation by Isabelle Gerges.

Dieser Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss jüngster Entdeckungen auf unser Verständnis des Übergangs von der römischen zur frühmittelalterlichen Periode im Norden Englands. Anhand des Tees-Tales als Fallstudie wird gezeigt, wie moderne Interpretationen dieses Prozesses vorrangig das Nachleben der Militärstandorte in der Region betont haben. Nichtsdestotrotz macht es die zunehmende Identifizierung bedeutender römischer Zivilsiedlungen notwendig, diese beherrschenden Schilderungen neu zu bewerten und die zugrunde liegenden Prozesse, die den Wechsel von einer Grenzgesellschaft unter römischer Kontrolle im 4. Jh. zu einer Gesellschaft des 5. Jhs., die kulturell gleichermaßen angelsächsische Gruppen wie auch Gemeinschaften in spätrömischer Nachfolge umfasste, zu überdenken. Eine umfangreiche Erörterung ist zudem der Frage gewidmet, wie die sich ändernden Merkmale der Raumnutzung und der Müllentsorgungsstrategien genutzt werden können, um die weiteren Parameter sich verändernder sozialer Identität im späten 4. Jh. AD zu beleuchten. Translation by Heiner Schwarzberg.

Acknowledgements

This paper has been delivered several times in various forms in Newcastle and Durham. I would like to thank all those who have provided useful advice, suggestions and cautions, particularly James Gerrard and Lindsay Allason-Jones. I would also particularly like to thank Rob Collins, who has been extremely generous in sharing his knowledge about the northern frontier in the fourth to sixth centuries AD. Thanks also to all those who shared excavation data in advance of publication, particularly Jenny Proctor (Pre-Construct Archaeology), Greg Speed (Northern Archaeological Associates) and all the staff at Archaeological Services Durham University. Thanks also to all those working on the Binchester Research project, particularly David Mason and Durham County Council. I would also like to acknowledge the anonymous referees for their useful and constructive comments. Finally, a special thanks to Linda Bosveld of Archaeological Services for bringing together the images.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

David Petts

David Petts is Lecturer in the Archaeology of Northern England at Durham University, where he also acts as Director of Research for Archaeological Services, the Department of Archaeology's commercial field unit. He has worked widely on the archaeology of late Roman Britain and the early medieval transition, and is currently carrying out a major excavation on the Roman fort and vicus at Binchester in County Durham.

Address: Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK email: [email protected]

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