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Abstract
In order to provide standard values for craniofacial growth of normal children, we evaluated the growth changes of skeletal and soft tissue cephalometric landmarks from lateral cephalograms of 180 Japanese children. They were divided into three groups: primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. Specific skeletal angles and distances showed significant gender differences with increasing age. The only significant soft tissue gender difference was nose height in the oldest group. Upper pharynx dimension and nose height differed significantly among the groups in both genders. Positions of both the upper and lower lip changed significantly between the intermediate and oldest groups of both genders. Nasolabial angle did not change significantly with growth. The results of this study should be useful for predicting craniofacial growth and development or determining the effect of orthodontic treatment.
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Notes on contributors
Emi Inada
Dr. Emi Inada received her D.D.S. degree from the Faculty of Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan in 2004. She fulfilled her internship at the Kagoshima University Hospital for two years. She currently work at the Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental Science from 2006. Her research interest is development of mandibular function in children with primary dentition.
Issei Saitoh
Dr. Issei Saitoh received his D.D.S. degree from the Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Japan in 1999, and a Ph.D. degree at the same university in 2003. He received the Award for Young Scientist from the Japanese Society of Stomatognathic Function in 2004. He fulfilled his internship at the Kyushu University Hospital for two years. H attended the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Field of Developmental Medicine, Health Research Course, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima Uniersity as an assistant professor in 2005.Currently, he is an assistant professor in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital. His research interest is development of oral function in children with primary dentition.
Haruaki Hayasaki
Dr. Haruaki Hayasaki received his D.D.S. degree in 1987 and a Ph.D. degree in 1992 from the Faculty of Dentistry in Kyushu University. He received a certification in pediatrics from the Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry in 1992. He visited Baylor College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Dallas, TX) as a visiting researcher from 1997 to 1999. He received the Award for Young Scientist from the Japanese Society of Stomatognathic function in 2000. Currently, he is an associate professor at Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences.
Chiaki Yamada
Dr. Chiaki Yamada received her D.D.S. degree from the Faculty of Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan in 2006. She fulfilled her internship at the Kagoshima University Hospital for one year. Since 2007, she has worked at the Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental Science. Her research interest is development of mandibular function in children with primary dentition.
Yoko Iwase
Dr. Yoko Iwase received her D.D.S. degree in 1997 from the Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University. She subsequently worked at the Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Graduate School of Dental Science from 1997 to 2001. She then received a Ph.D. degree at the same university and a Certified Pedodontist from the Japanese Society of Pediatric Dentistry in 2003. Currently, she is working as a resident in the Department of Dental Anesthesia, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital. Her research interest is occlusal contacts during masticatory movement in children with primary dentition.
Yoshihiko Takemoto
Dr. Yoshihiko Takemoto received his D.D.S. degree from the Faculty of Dental Science, Kagoshima University, Japan in 2005. He fulfilled his internship at the Kagoshima University Hospital for two years. Since 2007, he has worked at the Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Dental Science. His research interest is development of mandibular function in children with primary dentition.
Yuko Matsumoto
Dr. Yuko Matsumoto received her D.D.S. degree from the Faculty of Dental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan in 1996. She fulfilled her internship at the Hokkaido University Hospital for two years. Subsequently, in 1999 she worked as a staff member in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry and General Dental Practices, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital. She received a Ph.D. at the same university in 2007. Her research interest is the relationship between periodic maternal deprivation and the stress-response in post growth.
Youichi Yamasaki
Dr. Youichi Yamasaki received his D.D.S. degree in 1983 and a Ph.D. degree in 1989 from the Faculty of Dentistry in Kyushu University in Fukuoka, Japan. He worked as an assistant professor in the pediatric dental clinic at Kyushu University Dental Hospital. He has been a professor and chairman of Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences since 2003. Dr. Yamasaki is studying the relationship between stomatognathic function and the effects of early treatment for malocclusion in children with primary and mixed dentition.