An investigation of the effect of sorafenib on tumour growth and recurrence after liver cancer resection in nude mice independent of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels

Abstract

Objective: The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of sorafenib on tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis after curative resection of liver cancer.

Research methods: SMMC-7721 and HCCLM3 liver tumors, each with different metastatic potential and basal phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) levels, were orthotopically implanted into 56 nude mice. Mice were divided into a treatment sub study and a prevention sub study.

Results: In the treatment sub study, tumor volumes in the high pERK-expressing HCCLM3 model were 2.58 ± 0.83 and 0.38 ± 0.09 cm³ without and with sorafenib, respectively (p < 0.001). The corresponding volumes in the low pERK-expressing SMMC-7721 model were 1.36 ± 0.24 and 0.24 ± 0.14 cm³ (p < 0.001), respectively. Sorafenib inhibited HCCLM3 cell proliferation and decreased tumor angiogenesis, but did not inhibit proliferation in the SMMC-7721 model. In the prevention sub study, intrahepatic recurrent tumor volumes were 1.96 ± 0.45 and 0.18 ± 0.24 cm³ (p < 0.001); lung metastasis frequencies were 100 and 0% (p = 0.005); and lifespans were 36 ± 3 and 46 ± 5 days (p = 0.002) in the control and sorafenib subgroups, respectively.

Conclusions: Sorafenib inhibits tumor growth and prevents metastatic recurrence after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. The effect of sorafenib does not exclusively depend on high levels of pERK in tumors.

Keywords:

• hepatocellular carcinoma
• phosphorylated ERK
• recurrence and metastasis
• sorafenib

Acknowledgments

Z Wang and J Hu contributed equally to this work.

Notes