S-Alkylthiolation of O⁶-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) to sensitize cancer cells to anticancer therapy

Abstract

O⁶-Methylguanine DNA methyltransferase/O⁶-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT/AGT) removes alkyl adducts from the O⁶-position of guanine in DNA. Expression of MGMT in human cancers has been associated with resistance to therapies using alkylating agents. MGMT promoter methylation regulates its expression and response to alkylating agents. A combination of O⁶-benzylguanine-based inhibitors of MGMT with alkylating agents improved the efficacy. However, this is associated with enhanced cytotoxicity and the induction of GC to AT transition mutations presumably also in progenitor/stem cells. A few recent studies have described analogs of O⁶-benzylguanine targeting defined pathways of cancer cells that can be used to improve the selectivity of O⁶-benzylguanine-based inhibitors for cancer cells. Therefore, MGMT inhibitor targeting represents a reliable strategy for improving cancer therapy with alkylating agents.

Keywords::

• alkylating agent
• cancer
• drug resistance
• drug targeting
• O⁶-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase
• O⁶-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr Petra Tafelmeyer for her very helpful comments on the manuscript.