Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a common disease that arises from two distinct molecular pathways, and is one of the most expensive malignancies to manage. Accurate biomarkers that could detect tumor recurrence or predict future progression would improve the care of patients and reduce the cost of managing the disease. DNA methylation, histone modification and ncRNA expression are important epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the expression of genes. These regulatory mechanisms are altered with bladder cancer, and therefore, represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets owing to the reversible nature of their modification. In this article, we will discuss these epigenetic changes in bladder cancer and assess their clinical potential.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.