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ABSTRACT
Cancer molecular pathways are combinations of metabolic processes deregulated in neoplastic cells. Besides pathways specific to tissues from which cancers originate, common neoplastic traits are present among most tumors. Hanahan and Weinberg have described the most critical ‘hallmarks’ shared by many cancer types. In recent years, cancer stem cell specific properties and pathways have also been identified. Other altered pathways are peculiar of cancer type and cancer stage, even in different cancer stem cell types. In pathogen-related tumors, the alteration of inflammatory and immunologic response along with impairment of cell cycle control represents key molecular events of tumor progression. This article summarizes the recent discoveries of new altered pathways in cancer and their importance in cancer diagnosis and tailored therapies.
Author contributions
FM Buonaguro conceived the overall review analysis and drafted the manuscript. ML Tornesello and L Buonaguro elaborated the pathogen-related and stem-cell-specific cancer pathways, respectively. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Financial & competing interests disclosure
This study was supported by a grant from the Ricerca Corrente 2014, Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute, 2610139). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financialinvolvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.
No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.