Is There A Future for Electrochemically Assisted Hemodialysis? Focus on The Application of Polypyrrole–Nanocellulose Composites

Abstract

This work summarizes the various aspects of using electrochemically assisted solute removal techniques in hemodialysis with a focus on blood electrodialysis and electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal using polypyrrole. In particular, the feasibility of using highly porous conductive polypyrrole–Cladophora cellulose membranes for hemodialysis are overviewed as a part of our dedicated research efforts during the past 4 years. The potential benefits and the current limitations associated with using the electrochemically controlled uremic retention solute removal techniques are discussed in detail.

Keywords::

• blood electrodialysis
• Cladophora cellulose
• hemodialysis
• intrinsically conductive polymers
• nanocellulose
• polypyrrole

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The Swedish Research Council (grant no. 621-2009-4626), Carl Trygger Foundation (grant no. CTS09:248), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and Stiftelsen Lars Hiertas Minne are acknowledged for their financial support. One of the authors (A Mihranyan) is Wallenberg Academy Fellow and acknowledges the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for their support. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of the manuscript.

Acknowledgements

B Syse is acknowledged for graphical design.

Additional information

Funding

The Swedish Research Council (grant no. 621-2009-4626), Carl Trygger Foundation (grant no. CTS09:248), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, and Stiftelsen Lars Hiertas Minne are acknowledged for their financial support. One of the authors (A Mihranyan) is Wallenberg Academy Fellow and acknowledges the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for their support. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.