Insights from the ganglionic acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome

Abstract

Objective: It is not known whether autonomic neuropathy is a feature of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) or whether it is related to circulating antiganglionic acetylcholine receptor (gAChR) antibodies. The goal of the present study was to investigate the autonomic dysfunction in patients with SS and the associations between autonomic dysfunction, anti-gAChR antibodies, and clinical features of SS.

Methods: (1) The first observational study tested for the presence of gAChR antibodies in the serum samples from 39 patients with SS (absent information regarding autonomic symptoms) and healthy volunteers. (2) In the second study, serological and clinical data from 10 Japanese patients diagnosed with SS were reviewed. These patients showed autonomic dysfunction, and luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) test was conducted to detect anti-α3 and anti-β4 gAChR antibodies. (3) In the final analysis, we combined the data of seropositive SS patients with autonomic symptom from the first study with all of the patients from the second study, and analyzed the clinical features.

Results: (1) The LIPS assay revealed that anti-gAChRα3 and anti-gAChRβ4 antibodies were detected in the sera from patients with SS (23.1%, 9/39). Five of nine SS patients had autonomic symptoms. (2) Anti-α3 and anti-β4 gAChR antibodies were also detected in 80.0% (8/10) of patients with SS with autonomic symptoms. Six of the ten patients were diagnosed as having SS after neurological symptoms developed. These seropositive patients had predominant and severe autonomic symptoms and were diagnosed with autonomic neuropathy. (3) Thirteen of fifteen SS patients with autonomic symptoms (86.7%) were seropositive for anti-gAChR antibodies, and we confirmed sicca complex, orthostatic hypotension, upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and bladder dysfunction at high rates.

Conclusion: The present results suggest the possibility of anti-gAChR antibodies aiding the diagnostics of SS with autonomic dysfunction.

Keywords:

• Antiganglionic acetylcholine receptor antibodies
• Autonomic dysfunction
• Luciferase immunoprecipitation systems
• Sjögren’s syndrome

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Neuroimmunological Disease Research Committee and the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, Japan, and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25461305).

Conflict of interest

All of the authors report no disclosures. Akihiro Mukaino had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Supplementary material available online Supplementary Tables S1 and S2