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Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 1993–1995 to study the effect of industrial effluent on the initial growth of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) in arid region. The effluent released from textile industry had high pH, EC, SAR and RSC. Various treatments were: irrigation with effluent only (W1), effluent mixed with canal water at 1:1 ratio (W2), gypsum‐treated effluent (W3), gypsum‐treated soil (W4) and wood ash‐treated soil (W5). W5 was the best treatment where neem attained 218 cm height, 118 cm crown diameter and 11.2 cm collar circumference at 28 months of age; followed by W1 treatment, where trees were on an average 186 cm tall and had 104 cm crown diameter and 9.4 cm collar circumference. Growth of the seedlings was the poorest in W2 treatment. Increase in biomass accumulation over W2 treatment (1.89 kg tree−1) was 3.6 fold in W5, 2.1 fold in W1, 2.0 fold in W4 and 1.4 fold in W3 treatments. Though effluent application increased soil organic matter, electrical conductivity and in some cases pH also, but gypsum‐ and wood ash‐ treated soil ameliorated the pH by 0.25 units in comparison to the initial data. These results suggest that industrial wastewater can be effectively used to boost up establishment and growth of Neem (Azadirachta indica) in arid zone. Addition of wood ash improves the rate of growth. Irrigation with industrial effluent caused slight increase in electrical conductivity and decline in the soil pH.
Santrauka
Eksperimentas vyko 1993–1995 m. siekiant ištirti pramoniniu nuoteku poveiki Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) sodinuku augimo pradžiai sausringuose regionuose. Tekstiles pramones išleidžiamu nuoteku dideles pH rodiklio reikšmes, elektrinis laidumas, natrio adsorbcijos santykis ir natrio karbonato liekana. Tiriant taikyti ivairūs dirvožemio apdorojimo būdai: drekinta tik nuotekomis (W1), nuotekos maišytos su kanalo vandeniu santykiu 1:1 (W2), nuotekos veiktos gipsu (W3), i dirvožemi deta gipso (W4) ir dirvožemis treštas medienos pelenais (W5). Efektyviausias buvo W5 apdorojimo būdas. 28 menesiu augalai sieke 218 cm aukšti, ju vainiko skersmuo buvo 118 cm, žiedo perimetras – 11,2 cm. Stebint W1 apdorojimo tipa, medžiai buvo vidutiniškai 186 cm aukščio, vainikas – 104 cm skersmens, žiedai 9,4 cm perimetro. Blogiausiai sodinukai augo apdorojant W2 būdu. Nors naudojant nuotekas dirvožemio organiniu medžiagu kiekis, elektrinis savitasis laidumas ir kai kuriais atvejais pH reikšme padidejo, tačiau gipsu ir medienos pelenais apdorotame dirvožemyje pH padidejo per 0,25 vienetus, palyginti su pirminiais duomenimis. Šie rezultatai rodo, kad pramonines nuotekos gali būti efektyviai naudojamos Neem (Azadirachta indica) želdinti ir auginti sausose teritorijose. Medienos pelenai pagerino augimo sparta. Drekinimas pramoninemis nuotekomis leme nežymu elektrinio savitojo laidumo augima ir dirvožemio pH sumažejima.
