Orthopedic consequences of modern gladiators: a systematic review of lower extremity musculoskeletal issues in retired NFL players

Mark McClurea Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USAView further author information

Brett Cookea Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USAView further author information

Joseph Elphingstonea Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USAView further author information

Samuel Schicka Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

Kyle Paula Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USAView further author information

Achraf Jardalyb The Hughston Clinic, ColumbusGA, USA;c The Hughston Foundation, Columbus, GA, USAView further author information

Eugene Brabstona Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USAView further author information

Amit Momayaa Department of Orthopaedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USAView further author information

Brent Ponceb The Hughston Clinic, ColumbusGA, USA;c The Hughston Foundation, Columbus, GA, USACorrespondence[email protected]
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