A N EW S YSTEM FOR S TERNAL I NTRAOSSEOUS I NFUSION IN A DULTS

Andrew Macnab University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Jim Christenson University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Judy Findlay University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Bruce Horwood University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

David Johnson University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Lanny Jones University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Kelly Phillips University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Charles Pollack University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

David J. Robinson University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Chris Rumball University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Tom Stair University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Brian Tiffany University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

Max Whelan University of British Columbia (AM, JC, CR, MW), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Division of Critical Care, Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia (AM), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, St. Paul's Hospital (JC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Pyng Medical Corp. (JF, DJ), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; the Emergency Department, Maricopa Medical Center and Arizona Heart Hospital (BH, CP, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; Rural/Metro Ambulance (BH, BT), Phoenix, Arizona; EMS Med Flight One (LJ), Richmond, Virginia; Bates County Hospital (KP), Butler, Missouri; the Emergency Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, VA Hospital (DJR, TS), Baltimore, Maryland; the Emergency Department, Royal Columbian Hospital (CR), New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada; and Erways Ambulance Service (MW), Elmira, New York.

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