Testicular Cancer and Hormonally Active AgentsFootnote∗∗Two papers published after acceptance of the current manuscript have shed significant new light on the possible role of estrogen exposure in TC etiology. A meta-analysis of the evidence linking fetal exposures to pharmacological estrogens and subsequent development of TC concluded that such exposures roughly doubled the risk of TC (Martin et al., 2008). A second study demonstrated that estradiol impairs seminoma cell proliferation by acting through a nuclear receptor (ER beta) but stimulated proliferation by acting through a rapid acting cell surface receptor. This observation illustrates the complexity of estrogen action on germ cell proliferation and identifies a non-typical estrogen receptor as a possible target for exogenous estrogens to promote the development of TC.
Bouskine, A., M. Nebout, B. Mograbi, F. Brucher-Davis, C. Roger, and P. Fenichel. 2008. Estrogens Promote Human Testicular Germ Cell Cancer through a Membrane-Mediated Activation of Extracellular Regulated Kinase and Protein Kinase A. Endocrinology 149: 565–573.
Martin, O. V., T. Shialis, J. N. Lester, M. D. Scrimshaw, A. R. Boobis, and N. Voulvoulis. 2008. Testicular dysgenesis syndrome and the estrogen hypothesis: A quantitative Meta-analysis. Envir Health Perspect. 116:149–157.
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.