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Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Volume 72, 2022 - Issue 6
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2022 Annual A&WMA Critical Review

A critical review of the circular economy for lithium-ion batteries and photovoltaic modules – status, challenges, and opportunities

Garvin A. Heatha Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA;b Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Golden, CO, USACorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-4475View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Dwarakanath Ravikumara Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-1829View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Brianna Hansena Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA;b Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Golden, CO, USAView further author information
&
Elaine Kupetsa Strategic Energy Analysis Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USAView further author information
Pages 478-539 | Published online: 10 Jun 2022

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