Co-circulation and persistence of multiple A/H3N2 influenza variants in China

Weifeng Shid Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, People’s Republic of China

Changwen Kee Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Shisong Fangf Division of Microbiology Test, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

Juan Lid Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, People’s Republic of China

Hao Songg Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Xiyan Lia Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;b WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;c Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Tao Hud Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, People’s Republic of China

Jie Wue Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Tao Chena Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;b WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;c Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Lina Yie Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China;h Guangdong Provincial Institution of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Yingchao Songe Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Xin Wangf Division of Microbiology Test, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

Weijia Xingd Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, People’s Republic of China

Weijuan Huanga Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;b WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;c Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Hong Xiaoe Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Lijun Liange Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

Bo Pengf Division of Microbiology Test, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

Weihua Wuf Division of Microbiology Test, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

Hui Liuf Division of Microbiology Test, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China

William J. Liua Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;b WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;c Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Edward C. Holmesi Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

George F. Gaoj Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;k Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;l Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]

Dayan Wanga Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;b WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;c Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-1016