Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretationFootnote^*
* The Institutional Review Board of the University of Minnesota approved this study. Study number 9911M24181.

Justin L. StakerDivision of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Amy E. LelwicaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Paula M. LudewigDivision of Rehabilitation Science, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA;Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USACorrespondence[email protected]

Jonathan P. BramanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretationFootnote^*
* The Institutional Review Board of the University of Minnesota approved this study. Study number 9911M24181.

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Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretationFootnote** The Institutional Review Board of the University of Minnesota approved this study. Study number 9911M24181.

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Three-dimensional kinematics of shoulder laxity examination and the relationship to clinical interpretationFootnote^*
* The Institutional Review Board of the University of Minnesota approved this study. Study number 9911M24181.