The response to substandard and falsified medical products in francophone sub-Saharan African countries: weaknesses and opportunities

Cécile Macé1 Independent ConsultantNantesFrance

Jean-Baptiste Nikiema2 World Health Organization Regional Office for AfricaBrazzavilleCongo

Omar Serigne Sarr3 University of Dakar Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal;4 Senegalese Drug Regulatory AgencyDakarSenegal

Patient Ciza Hamuli5 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, LACOMEDAUniversity of KinshasaKinshasaDemocratic Republic of Congo

Roland Djang’eing’a Marini6 CIRM, VibraSante Hub, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical ChemistryUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium

Richard Cizungu Neci7 Ecumenical Pharmaceutical Network (EPN)NairobiKenya

Pernette Bourdillon Esteve8 Incidents and Substandard/Falsified Medical Products TeamWorld Health Organization (WHO)GenevaSwitzerland

Raffaella Ravinetto9 Department of Public HealthInstitute of Tropical Medicine2000AntwerpBelgium;10 School of Public HealthUniversity of the Western CapeCape TownSouth AfricaCorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-2443