REFERENCES
- Agency for International Trade and Cooperation. ( 1999 ). Electronic commerce within the framework of the WTO: Implications for the less advantaged countries . Geneva : Author .
- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation. ( 2000 ). E-commerce readiness assessment guide . Retrieved from
- Association for Progressive Communications .* (n.d.). [ African Internet infrastructure information .] Retrieved from
- Bank for International Settlements .* (n.d.). [ Central bank payment system information .] Retrieved from
- Bank for International Settlements Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems.* (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.bis.org/cpss/cpsspubl.htm (http://www.bis.org/cpss/cpsspubl.htm)
- Bridges.org . ( 2001a ). E-Readiness as a Tool for ICT Development . Retrieved from
- Bridges.org . ( 2001b ). Comparison of e-readiness assessment models . Retrieved from
- Bridges.org . ( 2002 ). E-readiness assessment: Who is doing what and where . Retrieved from
- Bruzzese , D. , & Farmakis , G.E. ( 2001 ). Survey of e-commerce statistical indicators . Unpublished manuscript, University of Naples , Naples , Italy , and Laison Systems, University of Athens, ERMIS Project .
- Central Intelligence Agency .* (n.d.). CIA world factbook . Retrieved from
- Clayton , T. , & Waldron , K. ( 2002 ). Towards a measurement framework for international e-commerce benchmarking . London , UK : New Economy Branch, Office for National Statistics .
- Computer Systems Policy Project . ( 1998 ). Readiness guide for living in the networked world . Retrieved from
- Country Development Gateway Projects. ( 2002 ). E-readiness and e-needs assessment . Geneva : World Bank Development Gateway .
- Crenshaw , E.M. , & Robinson , K.K. ( 1999 ). Cyber-Space and post-industrial transformations: A cross-national analysis of internet development. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Sociology, Ohio State University .
- Economist.com .* (n.d.). Country briefings . Retrieved from
- Economist Intelligence Unit and Pyramid Research . ( 2002 ). E-readiness rankings . Retrieved from
- Euromonitor International .* (n.d.). [ Euromonitor world consumer lifestyles .] Retrieved from
- Europemedia .* (n.d.). [ Europemedia factfiles .] Retrieved from
- Expat Forum .* (n.d.). [ Expat Forum international cost of living indices .] Retrieved from
- Gibbs , J. , Kraemer , K. , & Dedrick , J. ( 2003 ). Environment and policy factors shaping global e-commerce diffusion: A cross-country comparison . The Information Society , 19 ( 1 ), 5 – 18 .
- Goldstein , A. , & O'Connor , D. ( 2000 ). E-commerce for development: Prospects and policy issues. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) .
- Goodman , S.E. , Burkhart , G.E. , Foster , W.A. , Press , L.I. , Tan , Z. , Woodard , J. ( 1998 ). Asian giants on-line. The Mosaic Group: The Global Diffusion of the Internet Project, The Global Technology Information Group .
- Harvard University Center for International Development. ( 2002 ). Readiness for the networked world: A guide for developing countries. Unpublished manuscript, Cambridge , MA : Harvard University .
- Humphrey , J. , Mansell , R. , Pare , D. , & Schmitz , H. ( 2003 ). The reality of e-commerce in developing countries. Unpublished manuscript, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK .
- IDC and World Times . ( 2003 ). Information society index . Retrieved from
- The Information for Development Program .* (n.d.). [ InfoDev information infrastructure indicators .] Retrieved from
- International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) and Bridges.org. ( 2003a ). Environmental information network (EIN) boosts internal knowledge management system by using ICT (Ghana), environmental management . The Hague , The Netherlands : Author .
- International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) and Bridges.org. ( 2003b ). Geekcorps pairs skilled volunteers with small businesses in emerging nations . The Hague , The Netherlands : Author .
- International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) and Bridges.org. ( 2003c ). SATELLIFE pilot tests the viability of handheld computers for healthcare in Africa . The Hague , The Netherlands : Author .
- International Telecommunication Union .* (n.d.). [ Statistics .] Retrieved from
- Kraemer , K.L. , & Dedrick , J. ( 2000 ). European e-commerce report: Globalization of E-Commerce Project. Unpublished manuscript, Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations at University of California Irvine .
- Kraemer , K.L. , Dedrick , J. , & Dunkle , D. ( 2002 ). E-commerce in the United States: Leader or one of the pack?: Globalization of E-Commerce Project . Unpublished manuscript, Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations at University of California Irvine.
- Lafferty Business Research . ( 2002 ). E-banking: A global & statistical analysis of online banking . [Research report. Company URL: .]
- Mann , L.M. , Eckert , S.E. , & Knight , S.C. ( 2000 ). Global electronic commerce: A policy primer . Washington , DC : Institute for International Economics .
- McConnell International. ( 2001a ). Ready? Net go! Partnerships leading the global economy . Washington , DC : Author .
- McConnell International. ( 2001b ). Risk E-business: Seizing the opportunity of global e-readiness . Washington , DC : Author .
- Min Tjoa , A. ( 2002 ). Indicators for internet diffusion and e-readiness. Geneva: CSTD Panel on Indicators of Technology Development, United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (UNCSTD) .
- Mosaic Group. ( 1998 ). The global diffusion of the Internet . Princeton , NJ : Author .
- Nyberg , H. ( 2002 ). E-banking value creation . Swedbank , Sweden : Quasar Publications .
- Panagariya , A. ( 1999 ). E-commerce, WTO and developing countries . Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).
- Reuters Business Insights .* (n.d.). [ Reuters Business Insights European econsumer profile and US econsumer profile .] Retrieved from
- Suominen , M. ( 2001 ). E-banking in the Nordic countries: Its emergence and perspectives . Fontaine- bleau , France : INSEAD .
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency . ( 2001 ). Country ICT surveys . [Agency URL: .]
- Tigre , P.B. , ( 2003 ). Brazil in the age of electronic commerce . The Information Society , 19 ( 1 ), 33 – 43 .
- Tigre , P.B. , & O'Connor , D. ( 2002 ). Policies and institutions for e-commerce readiness: What can developing countries learn from OECD experience ? Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) .
- UNCTAD Secretariat. ( 2001 ). E-commerce and development report 2001 . Geneva : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) .
- United Nations Development Programme .* (n.d.). [ UNDP human development indicators .] Retrieved from
- University of Maryland Center for International Development and Conflict Management . (2003). Negotiating the net . Retrieved from
- USAID . (n.d.). Information communications technology country assessment . Retrieved from
- Wickboldt , A.-K. ( 2001 ). The effect of property rights protection on economic growth and environmental pollution: A cross-sectional time-series analysis . Unpublished working paper, Political Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
- Wolcott , P. ( 1999 ). The diffusion of the internet in the republic of India : An update. Unpublished manuscript, University of Nebraska at Omaha.
- Wong , K.K. , & Fitzgerald , P. ( 2000 ). Internet banking—Key legal considerations—Regional overview—Singapore . Singapore : Baker & McKenzie .
- Wong , P.-K. ( 2003 ). Global and national factors affecting e-commerce diffusion in Singapore . The Information Society , 19 ( 1 ), 19 – 32 .
- Wong , P.-K. (n.d.). Globalization and e-commerce: Growth and impacts in Singapore. Unpublished manuscript, Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California , Irvine .
- World Bank .* (n.d.a). [ ICT at a glance & country at a glance tables .] Retrieved from
- World Bank .* (n.d.,b),. [ World Bank competitive indicators .] Retrieved from
- World Bank .* (n.d.,c). [ World Bank financial structure and economic development databases .] Retrieved from
- World Bank .* (n.d.,d). [ World Bank global development network growth database .] Retrieved from
- World Bank .* (n.d.,e). [ World Bank knowledge assessment matrix .] Retrieved from
- World Bank Institute. ( 2002 ). Knowledge assessment methodology: World Bank Institute Knowledge for Development Program . Geneva : Author .
- World Information Technology and Services Alliance. ( 2000 ). International survey of e-commerce . London : Author .