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Original Articles

A Portrait of America’s Children: The Impact of Poverty and a Call to Action

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Pages 43-56 | Published online: 07 Jul 2016

References

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  • R. Suzman and M. W. Riley, Introducing the “Oldest Old,” Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, no. 63 (2) 1985: 177–186.
  • Poverty in the United States: 1991, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P. 60 ser., no. 181, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, 1992: 4.
  • Statistical Abstract of the United States:1992, U.S. Bureau of the Census, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington D.C., 1992: Table 3.
  • America in the 21st Century: Human Resources Development, Population Reference Bureau, Washington D.C., February, 1990.
  • Beyond Rhetoric: A New American Agenda for Children and Families, The National Commission on Children, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1991: 17.
  • Ibid., vii.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • L. V. Klerman, Children in Poverty, Editor, Huston, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 138.
  • Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics 1990,” Monthly Vital Statistics Report, vol. 41, no. 7, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1993.
  • L. V. Klerman, Children in Poverty, Editor, Huston, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).144.
  • Ibid.
  • B. Starfield, “Child and adolescent health status measure,” The Future of Children, vol. 2, no. 2, Center for the Future of Children, Los Angeles, 1992: 33.
  • Ibid., 190.
  • Child poverty cuts IQs, study says,” New Orleans The Times-Picayune, March 27, 1993.
  • L. V. Klerman, Children in Poverty, Editor, Huston, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 140.
  • Ibid., 140.
  • A Vision For Americas Future, Children’s Defense Fund, Washington, D.C., 1989: 69.
  • Ibid., 70.
  • Ibid., 73.
  • Ibid,, 69.
  • An EBRI Special Report, The Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, D.C, February 1992; 9.
  • An EBRI Special Report, The Employee Benefit Research Institute, Washington, D.C February 1992: 24.
  • Ibid., 46.
  • “Blessed Events and the Bottom Line,” The Alan Guttmacher Institute, Washington D.C, 1987.
  • C. Oberg, “Medically uninsured children in the united states: A challenge to public policy,” Pediatrics, vol. 85, no. 5, May 1990: 825.
  • Ibid.
  • Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics 1990,* Monthly Vital Statistics Report, vol. 41, no. 7 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C, 1993.
  • P. Braveman, et aL, “Adverse outcomes and lack of health insurance among newborns in an eightcounty area of California, 1982 to 1986,” The New England Journal Medicine, August 24, 1989: 508.
  • Ibid
  • C Oberg, “Medically uninsured children in the united states: A challenge to public policy,” Pediatrics, vol 85, no. 5, May 1990: 827.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid, 828.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • A. Monheit and P. Cunningham, “Children without health insurance,” The Future of Children, vol. 2, no. 2, Los Angeles, 160.
  • Ibid., 160–161.
  • B. Baily, “Access to health care in the United States,” Caring For the Uninsured and Underinsured. (Chicago: American Medical Association, 1991), 104.
  • J. Stoddard, R. St. Peter and P. Newacheck, “Impact of insurance status of ambulatory care utilization for selected childhood condition, “Presented at the American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C November 10, 1992: 9.
  • Institute of Medicine, Homeless. Health and Human Needs, Washington D.C, 13–14.
  • The United States Conference of Mayors, A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness. 1992, Washington, D.C
  • Ibid,, 38.
  • L. Roth, E. Fox, “Children of homeless families: Health status and access to care,” Journal of Community Health, vol. 15, no. 4, August 1990: 282.
  • S. Kryder-Coe, et aL, Homeless Children and Youth, (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1991), 84–85.
  • D. Miller, E. Lin,"Chiidren in shelter homeless families: Reported health status and use of health services,” Pediatrics, vol. 81, no. 5, May 1988: 668.
  • Ibid.
  • R. Parker et. aL, “A survey of homeless children in Philadelphia shelters, “American Journal of Diseases in Children, vol. 145, May 1991: 520.
  • S. Kryder-Coe, et al., Homeless Children and Youth, (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1991), 84–85.
  • D. Wood, “Homeless children: Their evaluation and treatment,” Journal of Pediatric Health Care, no. 3, no. 4, 1989.
  • S. Kryder-Coe, et aL, Homeless Children and Youth, (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1991), 123–126.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • Bassuk and Rosenberg. “Psychosocial characteristics of homeless children and children with homes,” Pediatrics, vol. 85, no. 3, March 1990: 257–261.
  • Ibid.
  • S. Kryder-Coe, et aL, Homeless Children and Youth, (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1991), 107.
  • Ibid.
  • S. Fox et. al, “Psychopathology and developmental delay in homeless children: A pilot study.” Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 29, no.5, September 1990: 732–734.
  • Ibid.
  • Hunger in America, Its Effects on Children and Families and Implications for the Future, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C 1985, 1991: 129.
  • Ibid.
  • Ibid.
  • The United States Conference of Mayors, A Status Report on Hunger and Homelessness:2992, Washington D.C.
  • Hunger in the United States. Campaign to End Childhood Hunger, Washington, D.C. 1992: 3.
  • The Relationship Between Nutrition and Learning, National Education Association, Washington, D.C. 1989: 12.
  • Ibid., 12.
  • P. Morris, et al. Heading for a Health Crisis: Eating Patterns of Americas School Children, Washington, D.C 1991: 4.
  • The Relationship Between Nutrition and Learning, National Education Association, Washington, D.C. 1989: 8.
  • Ibid., 20–21.
  • Ibid., 20–21.
  • Ernesto Pollitt, “Developmental Impact of Nutrition on Pregnancy, Infancy, and Childhood,” International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, vol. 15, Academic Press, 1988: 52–57.

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