Forest land-use history affects the species composition and soil properties of old-aged hillock forests in Estonia

References

• AuninšABambeBEneleLIkaunieceSKabucisILaimeBLārmanisVRērihaIRoveIRūsinaSSalminaLSniedzeREiropas Savienības aizsargājamie biotopi Latvijā2010RīgaLatvijas Dabas fonds
   Google Scholar
• BatjesNHTotal carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the worldEur J Soil Sci199647116310.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrandTParkerVTScale and general laws of vegetation dynamicsOikos19957237538010.2307/3545961
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BrunetJEnvironmental and historical factors limiting the distribution of rare forest grasses in south SwedenFor Ecol Manag19936126327510.1016/0378-1127(93)90206-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BušsKForest ecosystems classification in LatviaProc Latvian Acad Sci Sect B199751204218
   Google Scholar
• CajanderAKÜber WaldtypenFennia1909281176
   Google Scholar
• CajanderAKThe theory of forest typesActa For Fenn1926291108
   Google Scholar
• CajanderAKWesen und Bedeutung der WadtypenSilva Fenn193011175
   Google Scholar
• ClementsFEPlant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetationCarnegie Inst Wash Publ19162421512
   Google Scholar
• CousinsSAOErikssonOThe influence of management history and habitat on plant species richness in a rural hemiboreal ladscape, SwedenLandsc Ecol20011751752910.1023/A:1021400513256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DelcampMGourlet-FleurySFloresOGarnierECan functional classification of tropical trees predict population dynamics after disturbance?J Veg Sci20081920922010.3170/2008-8-18360
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DierschkeHPflanzensoziologie. Grundlagen und Methoden1994StuttgartVerlag Eugen Ulmer
   Google Scholar
• Dufrêne M, Legendre P (1997) Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol Monogr 67:345–366
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EjrnæsRLiiraJPoulsenRSNygaardBWhen has an abandoned field become a semi-natural grassland or heathland?Environ Manag20084270771610.1007/s00267-008-9183-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EtverkIValkUEilartJMetsa õpitakse tundma ja kasutamaEesti metsad1974TallinnValgus4060
   Google Scholar
• European Union Habitat Directive (1992) Council Directive 92/43/EEC of May, 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31992L0043:EN:NOT, accessed 17 Nov 2010
   Google Scholar
• Fedorchuk VN, Neshatayev VYu, Kuznetsova ML (2005) Forest ecosystems of the north-western regions of Russia: typology, dynamics, forest management features. Forestry Scientific Research Institute, St. Petersburg (in Russian)
   Google Scholar
• FeistMAPhillippeLRBusemeyerDTEbingerJEVegetation survey of Dean Hills Nature Preserve, Fayette County, IllinoisCastanea200469526610.2179/0008-7475(2004)069<0052:VSODHN>2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FrelichLEForest dynamics and disturbance regimes2002CambridgeCambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Frey TE-A (1973) The Finnish school and forest site-types. In: Whittaker RH (ed) Ordination and classification of communities (Handbook of Vegetation Science, vol V). Junk, The Hague, pp 403–433
   Google Scholar
• HarperKAMacdonaldSEBurtonPJChenJBrosofskeKDSaundersSCEuskirchenESRobertsDJaitehMSEsseenPAEdge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapesConserv Biol20051976878210.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00045.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HarveyBDLeducAGauthierSBergeronYStand-landscape integration in natural disturbance-based management of the southern boreal forestFor Ecol Manag200215536938510.1016/S0378-1127(01)00573-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heikinheimo O (1987) The impact of swidden cultivation on forests in Finland—extracts. Suomen Antropol 4:199–206
   Google Scholar
• HeikkinenRKMultivariate analysis of esker vegetation in southern Häme, S FinlandAnn Bot Fenn199128201224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HerlinISApproaches to forest edges as dynamic structures and functional conceptsLandscape Res200126274310.1080/01426390120024466
   Google Scholar
• HonnayOJacquemynHBossuytBHermyMForest fragmentation effects on patch occupancy and population viability of herbaceous plant speciesNew Phytol200516672373610.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01352.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IngerpuuNVellakKEesti sammalde määraja1998TartuEesti Loodusfoto
   Google Scholar
• Jalas J (1955) Hemerobe and hemerochore Pflanzenarten. Acta Soc Pro Fauna Flora Fenn 72:1–15
   Google Scholar
• JõgiJTarandARaukasANüüdiskliimaEesti. Loodus1995TallinnValgus & Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus183216
   Google Scholar
• KaruAMuisteLEesti metsakasvukohatüübid1958TallinnEesti Riiklik Kirjastus
   Google Scholar
• KatusATappoEEesti metsa-kasvukohatüübid1965TallinnEesti NSV Ministrite Nõukogu Metsanduse ja Looduskaitse Peavalitsus
   Google Scholar
• Klute A (ed) (1986) Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. Soil Science Society of America & American Society of Agronomy, Madison
   Google Scholar
• KõlliRProductivity and humus status of forest soils in EstoniaFor Ecol Manag200217116917910.1016/S0378-1127(02)00470-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KukkTEesti taimestik1999TartuTeaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus
   Google Scholar
• KuussaariMBommarcoRHeikkinenRKHelmAKraussJLindborgRÖckingerEPärtelMPinoJRodàFStefanescuCTederTZobelMSteffan-DewenterIExtinction debt: a challenge for biodiversity conservationTrends Ecol Evol20092456457110.1016/j.tree.2009.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaasimerLEesti NSV taimkate1965TallinnValgus
   Google Scholar
• LaasimerLMasingVRaukasATaimestik ja taimkateEesti. Loodus1995TallinnValgus & Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus364396
   Google Scholar
• LehtMEesti taimede määraja2007TartuEesti Loodusfoto
   Google Scholar
• LiiraJKohvKStand characteristics and biodiversity indicators along the productivity gradient in boreal forests: defining a critical set of indicators for the monitoring of habitat nature qualityPlant Biosyst2010144211220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiiraJSeppTIndicators of structural and habitat natural quality in boreo-nemoral forests along the management gradientAnn Bot Fenn200946308325
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LiiraJSeppTParrestOThe forest structure and ecosystem quality in conditions of anthropogenic disturbance along productivity gradientFor Ecol Manag2007250344610.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LippmaaTTaimeühingute uurimise metoodika ja Eesti taimeühingute klassifikatsiooni põhijoonedLoodusuurijate Seltsi Aruanded1933401169
   Google Scholar
• Lõhmus E (1969) Mõnedest metsade klassifitseerimise printsiipidest Eesti NSV tingimustes. In: Trass H (ed) Loodusuurijate Seltsi aastaraamat. Valgus, Tallinn, 59:168–178
   Google Scholar
• LõhmusEValkUEilartJMetsad rabadest nõmmede ja loopealseteniEesti metsad1974TallinnValgus6098
   Google Scholar
• LõhmusEEesti metsakasvukohatüübid20042TartuEesti Loodusfoto
   Google Scholar
• Mander Ü, Reintam L (2001) Development of Estonian landscapes. In: Mander Ü, Printsmann A, Palang H (eds) Development of European landscapes. IALE European Conference Proceedings, Publicationes Instituti Geographici Universitatis Tartuensis 92, vol I. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus, Tartu, pp 25–31
   Google Scholar
• Matas CD (2004) Dynamics of nutrients in slash and burn agroforestry in Koli National Park. Tutkittu ja tuntematon Koli. Metsantutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Helsinki, 915:29–46
   Google Scholar
• MaxwellJFA synopsis of the vegetation of ThailandNat Hist J Chulalongkorn Univ200441929
   Google Scholar
• McCune B, Mefford MJ (2006) PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data, v.5.20. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach
   Google Scholar
• MeierEPaalJLiiraJJüriadoIInfluence of tree stand age and management on the species diversity in Estonian eutrophic alvar and boreo-nemoral Pinus sylvestris forestsScand J For Res20052013514410.1080/14004080510042155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meikar T, Uri V (2000) Of the management of bushland in Estonia. In: Meikar T, Etverk I (eds) Proceedings of the Academical Forestry Society, XI. Estonian forests and forestry at the turn of the Millenium. Forest Research Institute of Estonian Agricultural University, Tartu, pp 103–120
   Google Scholar
• MikolaPJahnGApplication of vegetation science to forestryVegetation science in forestry1982The HagueJunk199224
   Google Scholar
• Oberdorfer, E (1990) Pflanzensoziologische Excursionsflora, 6th edn. Verlag Eulen Ulmer, Stuttgart
   Google Scholar
• Ovaskainen O, Hanski I (2004) Metapopulation dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes. In: Hanski I, Gaggiotti OE (eds) Ecology, genetics, and evolution of metapopulations. Elsevier, Burlington
   Google Scholar
• PaalJLoodusdirektiivi elupaigatüüpide käsiraamat2007TallinnAuratrükk
   Google Scholar
• Paal J, Rooma I, Turb M (2004a) Sürjametsadest Otepää kõrgustikul. Metsanduslikud Uurimused/Forestry Studies 40:89–103
   Google Scholar
• Paal J, Rooma I, Turb M (2004b) Kas Karula kuplitel kasvab sürjametsi? Eesti Loodusuurijate Seltsi Aastaraamat 82:90–131
   Google Scholar
• PaalJRajanduEKösterTVegetation-environment relationship in Estonian Hepatica site type forests in the light of A. K. Cajander's forest site type approachBalt For201016194208
   Google Scholar
• Påhlsson L (ed) (1998) Vegetationstyper i Norden (TemaNord 1998:510). Nordisk Ministerråd, København
   Google Scholar
• PärtelMHelmAReitaluTLiiraJZobelMGrassland diversity related to the Late Iron Age human population densityJ Ecol20079557458210.1111/j.1365-2745.2007.01230.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RajakorpiATopographic, microclimatic and edaphic control of the vegetation in the central part of the Hämeenkangas esker complex, western FinlandActa Bot Fenn1987134170
   Google Scholar
• ReintamLRaukasAMuldade kujunemineEesti. Loodus1995TallinnValgus & Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus419429
   Google Scholar
• SeppTLiiraJVanade salumetsade rohurinde koosseis ja seda mõjutavad teguridMetsanduslikud Uurimused/Forestry Studies200950234110.2478/v10132-011-0067-9
   Google Scholar
• SukoppHDer Einfluß des Menschen auf die VegetationVegetatio19691736037110.1007/BF01965917
   Google Scholar
• ter Braak CJF, Šmilauer P (2002) CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows user's guide. Biometris/Wageningen/České Budějovice
   Google Scholar
• TilmanDMayRMLehmanCLNowakMAHabitat destruction and the extinction debtNature1994371656610.1038/371065a0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TroskaGEesti külad XIX sajandil. Ajaloolis etnograafiline uurimus1987TallinnEesti Raamat
   Google Scholar
• MaarelEVegetation dynamics: patterns in time and spaceVegetatio19887771910.1007/BF00045745
   Google Scholar
• van Reeuwijk LP (ed) (1995) Procedures for soil analysis (Technical Paper 9). ISRIC, Wageningen
   Google Scholar
• Vorob'evaLAKhimicheski analiz pochv1998MoskvaIzdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta
   Google Scholar
• Webb KT, Marshall LB (1999) Ecoregions and ecodistricts of Nova Scotia. Crops and Livestock Research Centre/Indicators and Assessment Office, Truro/Hull
   Google Scholar
• WRBWorld reference base of soil resourcesWorld Soil Resour Rep20061031128
   Google Scholar