References
- A. Wibowo. Female Circumcision in some parts of rural and urban Indonesia. Research Report for UNFPA. 1998; Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia: Jakarta.
- S. Karanaka, B. Bachsinar. Sirkumsisi. Circumcision. 1994; Hipokrates: Jakarta.
- These events were reported in local newspapers and were the subject of gossip in Kupang during the time the first author and colleagues from the Indonesian Academy of Sciences were investigating reproductive health issues. See Hull TH, Raharto A, Handayani T et al, 1999. Family Planning and Family Decision-making in Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jakarta: PPT-LIPI.
- A. McWilliam. Case studies in dual classification as process: childbirth, headhunting and circumcision in West Timor. Oceania. 65: 1994; 59–74.
- P. Lake. Sifon: Antara Tradisi dan Risiko Penularan PMS. Sifon: Between a Tradition and Transmission of STDs. 1999; Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan, Gadjah Mada University: Yogyakarta.
- Fox J, 2000, personal communication.
- J. Fox. 7. Harvest of the Palm: Ecological Change in Eastern Indonesia. 1977; Harvard University Press: Cambridge.
- For an accessible overview of some of these practices see. E.A. Hammel, D.S. Friou. Anthropology and demography: marriage, liaison, or encounter?. D.I. Kertzer, T. Fricke. Anthropological Demography: Toward a new Synthesis. 1997; University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
- Data were from the Klinik Baruna in Jakarta.
- N. Juliastuti. The circumcision business. Latitudes. 8: 2001; 36–39. (September).
- Thanks to Dr Dede Oetomo of Airlangga University for anecdotal information on this practice in Surabaya in the late 1990s.
- S. Ray, N. Gumbo, M. Mbizvo. Local voices: what some men say about preparation for sex. Reproductive Health Matters. 4(7): 1996; 34–45.
- Personal communication, 2001. See also. Im-Em, Wassana. Partner relations and AIDS in Chiang Mai villages. 2a. edição, PhD Thesis in Demography. 1996; The Australian National University.