304
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Gender and community participation in reproductive health projects: Contrasting models from Peru and Ghana

Pages 144-157 | Published online: 01 Nov 1999

References

  • The project has received funding from a variety of other sources as well, including the Rockefeller Foundation, which supports its Demographic Surveillance System.
  • B. Agula, P. Akweongo, J.F. Phillips Women’s fears and men’s anxieties: understanding and managing the social impact of family planning in Northern Ghana Paper prepared for Annual Meeting. April 2–4,1998, 1998; Population Association of America: Chicago.
  • J.F. Phillips. The determinants of contraceptive innovation: A case-control study of family planning acceptance in a traditional African society. Policy Research Division, Working Paper No. 93. 1997; Population Council: New York.
  • D. Wulf, A. Yeboah-Afari. When South meets South. People and the Planet. 6(1): 1997
  • A. Larson, S.N. Mitra. Family planning in Bangladesh: an unlikely success story. International Family Planning Perspectives. 18: 1992
  • J. Cleland. The Determinants of Reproductive Change in Bangladesh: Success in a Challenging Environment. 1994; World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies: Washington, DC.
  • The Matlab and FP/MCH Extension projects are implemented by the International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) along with consultants and coinvestigators from various foreign institutions, including the Population Council, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and the University of Michigan.
  • J.R. Foreit, M. Gorosh, D. Gillespie. A community-based and commercial contraceptive distribution: an inventory and appraisal. Population Reports. Series J, No. 19. 1978. March.
  • R.W. Osborn, W.A. Reinke. Community Based Distribution of Contraception: A Review of ld Experience. 1981; Johns Hopkins Population Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.
  • J.F. Phillips, W. Greene. A Community Based Distribution of Family Planning in Africa: Lessons from Operations Research. 1993
  • J. Caldwell, P. Caldwell. The cultural context of high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Population and Development Review. 13(3): 1987; 409–437. cited in Binka et al [9] below.
  • J. Caldwell, P. Caldwell. Is the Asian family planning programme model suite to Africa?. Studies in Family Planning. 19(1): 1988; 19–28. cited in Binka et al [9] below.
  • F. Binka, A. Nazzar, J.F. Phillips. The Navrongo Community Health and Family Planning Project. Studies in Family Planning. 26(3): 1995; 121–139.
  • The author was a member of a technical assistance team that visited ReproSalud and made recommendations regarding strategies for monitoring and evaluation. The description of ReproSalud presented in this paper derives from the author’s personal observations and interviews conducted with ReproSalud staff, USAID and others, as well as project documents. The description of Navrongo is based on published and unpublished documents, with clarification and amplification on a few points provided by the Navrongo research team.
  • S. Conly, S. deSilva. Paying Their Fair Share?: Donor Countries and International Population Assistance. 1998; Population Action International: Washington, DC.
  • A. Nazzar, J.F. Phillips. Phase I of the Navrongo Community Health and Family Planning Project: Key Findings and Lessons for Policy. Documentation Note 32. 1996; Community Health and Family Planning Project, Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ministry of Health: Navrongo, Upper East Region, Ghana. (Unpublished).
  • A. Nazzar, J.F. Phillips, F. Binka. Developing health and family planning services with community-based strategic planning: the Navrongo approach to decentralization. 1998. (Unpublished).
  • P.B. Adongo. Cultural factors constraining the introduction of family planning among the Kassena-Nankana of Northern Ghana. Social Science and Medicine. 45(12): 1997; 1789–1804.
  • The field interventions are being implemented in accordance with a four cell research design, in which one cell is a comparison area with no community-level interventions. The clinics serving all pilot project villages were upgraded. The intervention in one cell consisted of village-managed health committees and volunteers; in a second cell, doorstep outreach to women by a female paramedic based at a community service point; and in a third cell the interventions in cells one and two were combined. Each cell corresponded to one village in the pilot phase. See [9].
  • A. Nazzar. Developing a culturally appropriate family planning program for the Navrongo experiment. Studies in Family Planning. 26(6): 1995; 307–324.
  • D.J. Shehu. Community participation and mobilisation in the prevention of maternal mortality in Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria. M. Berer, T.K.S. Ravindran. Safe Motherhood Initiatives: Critical Issues. 1999; Reproductive Health Matters: London.
  • P. Allotey. Where there’s no tradition of traditional birth attendants: Kassena Nankana District, Northern Ghana. M. Berer, T.K.S. Ravindran. Safe Motherhood Initiatives: Critical Issues. 1999; Reproductive Health Matters: London.
  • T.O. Pearce. ‘She will not be listened to in public’: perceptions among the Yoruba of infertility and childlessness in women. Reproductive Health Matters. 7(13): 1999; 69–79. Similar findings have been reported in Ghana and other African countries, see.
  • In this aspect there is some variation within the project. Although some of the literature on the project describes these workers as male and emphasises the importance of using male volunteers to reach men, some of the volunteers are women. See [12,19].
  • C. Antwi-Nsiah. Community reactions to the Navrongo Experiment. 1995. (Unpublished).
  • J.F. Phillips Denial of contraceptive use among known contraceptive adopters in a rural area of Northern Ghana Paper presented at Annual Meeting. May 27–29,1997, 1997; Population Association of America: Washington, DC.
  • A.A. Bawah, P. Akweongo, R. Simmons. The impact of family planning on gender relations in Northern Ghana. Studies in Family Planning. 30(1): 1999
  • C.H. Bledsoe, W.F. Hanks Legitimate recuperation or illicit stalling? Time, contraceptive use, and the divided man in rural Gambia Paper presented at Annual Meeting. 2–4 April 1998, 1998; Population Association of America: Chicago.
  • B.S. Mensch, D. Bagah, W.H. Clark. The changing nature of the adolescence in the Kassena-Nankana District of Northern Ghana. Studies in Family Planning. 30(2): 1999
  • A. Biddlecome, E. Tagoe-Darko, K. Adazu Factors underlying unmet need for family planning in Kassena-Nankana District, Ghana Paper presented at Annual Meeting. March 27–29,1997, 1997; Population Association of America: Washington, DC.
  • The project agreement was signed in September 1995 and field implementation started in early 1996.
  • S. Brems. ReproSalud: A bottom-up approach to reproductive health and women’s empowerment. Prepared for Working Group on Reproductive Health and Family Planning, Report from the Meeting on Women’s Health, Human Rights and Family Planning Programmes in Mexico and Peru, May 13,1996. 1996
  • Based on a framework described by. C. Moser. Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Training. 1993. Routledge: London.
  • US Agency for International Development. Reproductive health in the community: A bottom-up approach to promoting reproductive health and women’s empowerment. Project Paper, ReproSalud, Project No 527-0355. 1995; Office of Health, Population and Nutrition, USAID: Peru.
  • Rogow D. When Hope Floats: The Manuela Ramos Movement. Quality/Calidad/Qualité, Population Council, New York. (Forthcoming).
  • D. Rogow, A. Diez. ReproSalud: Evaluation of project impact in the Chavin Region, a case study. Report to Futures Group and USAID/Lima. 1999. (Unpublished).
  • Coe AB. Women’s empowerment through community-based reproductive health programmes: a case study in Peru. MA thesis, American University, Washington, DC. (Forthcoming).
  • There are two judges, one from Movimiento Manuela Ramos and one from either the Ministry of Health or a local NGO where the site is located.
  • Movimiento Manuela Ramos. Resumen Plan Operativo 1997. ReproSalud, Peru. 1998
  • B. Feringa. Two years on the ground: ReproSalud through women’s eyes. 1999. (Unpublished).
  • Brems S, Feringa B, USAID Peru, 1998. Personal communication.
  • US Agency for International Development. Use of Population Funds. Statement 128823, May 14, 1994. 1994. This says that population funds can be used judiciously for ‘innovative activities’ for achieving population objectives, including microenterprise support and girls’ education initiatives.
  • S.N. Mitra, Ali Nawab, S. Islam. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 1996–1997. 1997; National Institute of Population Research and Training, Mitra and Associates, Macro International Inc: Calverton, MD.
  • J. Jaquette. The Women’s Movement in Latin America: Participation and Democracy. Monograph, Thematic Studies in Latin America. 1994; Westview Press: Boulder.
  • This section and the following one draw on ideas in Schuler SR. Gender in population and reproductive health policies and programs. (Forthcoming working paper for a World Bank report).
  • The report in which these numbers were presented cautions that the service statistics in many health facilities appeared to be in disarray and therefore this evidence should be considered suggestive rather than definitive.
  • A. Alberti. Strengthening Reprosalud’s monitoring and evaluation strategies. POPTECH Report No. 97-124-066. 1998. July 1998.
  • M. Matamala. Genderrelated indicators for the evaluation of quality of care in reproductive health services. Prepared for USAID. Reproductive Health Matters. 6(11): 1998; 10–21. Alberti et al and Matamala suggest approaches for developing evaluation indicators related to gender and empowerment, but these have not been operationalised or systematically tested. See.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.