3,861
Views
66
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Photostabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) – Still on the runFootnote

&

References

  • D.WilesPhotostabilization of macromolecules by excited state quenchingPure Appl. Chem.501978291297
  • J.RabekPolymer Photodegradation – Mechanisms and Experimental Methods1995Chapman HallCambridge
  • D.FeldmanPolymer weathering: photo-oxidationJ. Polym. Environ.102002163173
  • A.AmeerB.AbdallhA.AhmedE.YousifSynthesis and characterization of polyvinyl chloride chemically modified by aminesOpen J. Polym. Chem.320131115
  • K.MinskerS.KolesovG.ZaikovDegradation and Stabilization of Vinyl Chloride Based Polymers1988Pergamon PressOxford7882
  • N.GrassieG.ScottPolymer Degradation and Stabilization1985Cambridge University PressLondon
  • J.RabekB.RanbyStudied on the photooxidation mechanism of polymers, photolysis and photooxidation of polystyreneJ. Polym. Sci.121974273291
  • J.RabekB.RanbyPolymer photophysics and photochemistry: an introduction to the study of photoprocess of macromoleculesJ. Polym. Sci.121974273281
  • E.YousifR.HaddadPhotodegradation and photostabilization of polymers, especially polystyrene: reviewSpringer Open J.22013389430
  • E.YousifA.HameedN.SalihJ.SalimonB.AbdullahNew photostabilizers for polystyrene based on 2,3-dihydro-(5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenyl-2-(substituted)-1,3,4-oxazepine-4,7-dione compoundsSpringer Plus J.2201318
  • E.YousifJ.SalimonN.SalihNew photostabilizer for PVC based on some diorganotin(IV) complexesJ. Saudi Chem. Soc.16201219
  • E.YousifM.AbdallhH.HashimN.SalihJ.SalimonB.M.AbdullahY.WinOptical properties of pure and modified poly(vinyl chloride)Springer Plus J.4201318
  • X.ZhangT.ZhaoH.PiS.GuoMechanochemical preparation of a novel polymeric photostabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)J. Appl. Polym. Sci.116201030793086
  • W.ShiJ.ZhangX.ShiG.JiangDifferent photodegradation processes of PVC with different average degrees of polymerizationJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.1072008528540
  • A.AndradyS.HamidX.HuA.TorikaiEffects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on materialsJ. Photochem. Photobiol. B46199896103
  • H.AbbasPhotostabilization of Poly(Vinyl) Chloride by Bis(2-Amino Acetate Benzothiazole) Complexes (M.Sc. thesis)2008College of Science, Al Nahrain University
  • R.BurgessManufacture and Processing of PVC2005Elsevier Applied ScienceLondon
  • M.AkayIntroduction to Polymer Science and Technology2012Ventus Publishing ApSAnkara
  • H.ZimmermannPoly(vinyl chloride) polymerization performance-enhancing initiators with emphasis on high activity grades and water-based dispersionsJ. Vinyl Addit. Technol.21996287294
  • T.XieA.HamielecP.WoodD.WoodsSuspension, bulk, and emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride-mechanism, kinetics, and reactor modellingJ. Vinyl Technol.131991225
  • M.NaqviStructure and stability of polyvinyl chlorideJ. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys.251985119155
  • E.YousifJ.SalimonN.SalihA.JawadY.WinNew stabilizers for PVC based on some diorganotin(IV) complexes with benzamidoleucineArab. J. Chem.5201218
  • E.LinakChemical Industries Newsletter2009
  • E.YousifPhotostabilization of PVC: Principles and Applications2012LAP, LAMBERTGermany
  • G.ZaikovK.GumargalievaT.PokholokY.MoiseevV.ZaikovKinetic aspects of aging of poly(vinyl chloride)-based polymer materialsPolym.-Plast. Technol. Eng.3932000567650
  • E.YousifM.AliwiA.AmeerJ.UkalImproved photostability of PVC films in the presence of 2-thioacetic acid-5-phenyl–1,3,4-oxadiazole complexesTurk. J. Chem.332009339410
  • M.SabaaE.OrabyA.Abdel NabyR.MohamedN-phenyl-3-substituted 5-pyrazolone derivatives as organic stabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) against photodegradationJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.101200615431555
  • L.Pimentel RealA.FerrariaA.Botelho do RegoComparison of different photo-oxidation conditions of poly(vinyl chloride) for outdoor applicationsPolym. Testing272008743751
  • E.YousifN.SalihJ.SalimonImprovement of the photostabilization of PVC films in the presence of 2N-salicylidene-5-(substituted)-1,3,4-thiadiazoleJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.120201122072214
  • E.ArkişD.BalköseThermal stabilisation of poly(vinyl chloride) by organotin compoundsPolym. Degrad. Stab.8820044651
  • C.MarvalJ.SampleM.RoyThe structure of vinyl polymers. VI. Polyvinyl halidesJ. Am. Chem. Soc.61193932413244
  • D.BraunThermal degradation of polyvinyl chloridePure Appl. Chem.261971173192
  • M.AsahinaM.OnozukaThermal decomposition of model compounds of polyvinyl chloride. I. Gaseous thermal decomposition of model compounds having secondary and tertiary chlorineJ. Polym. Sci., Part A2196435053513
  • Z.MayerThermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride and of its low-molecular-weight model compoundsJ. Macromol. Sci.-Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys.111974263292
  • N.BensemraT.HoangA.GuyotThermal dehydrochlorination and stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) in solution: Part V. Influence of structural defects in the polymerPolym. Degrad. Stab.281990173184
  • Z.VymazalZ.VymazalovaPhotodegradation of PVC stabilized by organotin compoundsEur. Polym. J.27199112651270
  • T.HjertbergE.SörvikFormation of anomalous structures in PVC and their influence on the thermal stability: 2. Branch structures and tertiary chlorinePolymer241983673684
  • V.PercecA.CappottoB.BarboiuMetal-catalyzed living radical graft copolymerization of butyl methacrylate and styrene initiated from the structural defects of narrow molecular weight distribution poly(vinyl chloride)Macromol. Chem. Phys.203200216741683
  • L.JianZ.DafeiZ.DerenThe photo-degradation of PVC: Part I-Photo-degradation in air and nitrogenPolym. Degrad. Stab.301990335343
  • M.VeronelliM.MauroS.BresadolaInfluence of thermal dehydrochlorination on the photooxidation kinetics of PVC samplesPolym. Degrad. Stab.661999349357
  • L.JianZ.DafeiZ.DerenThe photo-degradation of PVC: Part II-Structural changes in PVC chainsPolym. Degrad. Stab.31199117
  • Q.YuS.ZhuW.ZhouPeroxide induced crosslinking and degradation of polyvinyl chlorideJ. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.361998851860
  • J.BauerA.SabelThe influence of oxygen on the polymerization of vinyl chloride in the example, the suspension polymerizationAngew. Makromol. Chem.4719751527
  • S.CrawleyI.McNeillPreparation and degradation of head-to-head PVCJ. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Chem. Ed.16197825932606
  • T.RadiotisG.BrownComputer simulations of microstructure changes resulting from the thermal degradation of PVCJ. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem.341997743757
  • F.CastilloG.MartinezR.SastreJ.MillanV.BellengerB.GuptaJ.VerduInfluence of structure on the photo-degradation of PVC. Part IV-A conclusive approach to the mechanism of photo-oxidation and photo-dehydrochlorinationPolym. Degrad. Stab.271990111
  • T.HjertbergA.WendelReduction of poly(vinyl chloride) with tri-n-butyltin hydridePolymer23198216411645
  • K.AbbåsBranching in poly(vinyl chloride)J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys.B141977159166
  • W.StarnesF.SchillingK.AbbåsI.PlitzR.HartlessF.BoveyStructural selectivities in the reduction of poly(vinyl chloride) with lithium aluminum hydride and tri-n-butyltin hydrideMacromolecules1219791319
  • W.StarnesB.WojciechowskiA.VelaquezG.BenediktMolecular microstructure of the ethyl branch segments in poly(vinyl chloride)Macromolecules25199236383642
  • T.HjertbergE.SörvikFormation of anomalous structures in poly(vinyl chloride) and their influence on the thermal stability. Effect of polymerization temperature and pressure;P.P.KlemchukPolymer Stabilization and Degradationvol. 2801985American Chemical SocietyWashington, DC259284
  • T.HjertbergE.SörvikFormation of anomalous structures in PVC and their influence on the thermal stability: 3. Internal chloroallylic groupsPolymer241983685692
  • W.StarnesV.ZaikovH.ChungB.WojciechowskiV.TranK.SaylorG.BenediktIntramolecular hydrogen transfers in vinyl chloride polymerization: routes to doubly branched structures and internal double bondsMacromolecules31199815081517
  • W.StarnesStructural and mechanistic aspects of the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)Progr. Polym. Sci.27200221332170
  • E.YousifA.AhmedM.MahmoudNew Organic Photo-Stabilizers for Rigid PVC Against Photodegradation2012LAP, LAMBERTGermany
  • A.Shànchez-SolisA.PadillaEffect of sands on poly(vinyl chloride) resistance to ultraviolet lightPolym. Bull.361996753758
  • N.GhatgeS.VernekarEvaluation of ultraviolet light absorbers in poly vinyl chloride (PVC) Part IIAngew. Makromol. Chem.201971175180
  • A.GonzalezJ.PastorJ.De SajaF.de laMonitoring the UV degradation of PVC window frames by microhardness analysisJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.38198918791882
  • L.AudouinC.Anton-PrinetJ.VerduG.MurM.GayThickness distribution of degradation products during photochemical aging of rigid PVCAngew. Makromol. Chem.26119982534
  • C.Anton-PrinetG.MurM.GayL.AudouinJ.VerduPhotoageing of rigid PVC-III. Influence of exposure conditions on the thickness distribution of photoproductsPolym. Degrad. Stab.601998283289
  • A.TorikaiH.HasegawaAccelerated photodegradation of poly(vinyl chloride)Polym. Degrad. Stab.631999441445
  • B.SinghN.SharmaMechanistic implications of plastic degradationPolym. Degrad. Stab.932008561584
  • J.RabekPolymer Degradation Mechanisms and Experimental Methods1994SpringerStockholm
  • C.DeckerM.BalandierPhoto-oxidation of poly(vinyl chloride)Polym. Photochem.11981221232
  • Y.LiuW.LiuM.HouMetal dicarboxylates as thermal stabilizers for PVCPolym. Degrad. Stab.92200715651571
  • J.SummersE.RabinovitchThe chemical mechanisms of outdoor weathering in polyvinyl chlorideJ. Vinyl Technol.5319839195
  • J.GardetteJ.LemairePhotothermal and thermal oxidations of rigid plasticised and pigmented poly(vinyl chloride)Polym. Degrad. Stab.341991135167
  • J.GardetteJ.LemairePrediction of the long-term outdoor weathering of poly(vinyl chloride)J. Vinyl Technol.151993113118
  • J.GardetteJ.LemaireReversible discoloration effects in the photo aging of poly(vinyl chloride)J. Vinyl Addit. Technol.31997107110
  • E.YousifA.HameedSynthesis and photostability study of some modified poly(vinyl chloride) containing pendant benzothiazole and benzimidozole ringInt. J. Chem.2120106580
  • J.RabekB.RanbyPhotodegradation, Photooxidation and Photostabilization of Polymers1975WileyNew York
  • C.DeckerDegradation of poly(vinyl chloride) by UV radiation—II: mechanismEur. Polym. J.201984149155
  • J.AhamadD.JohnDetermination of HCl and VOC emission from thermal degradation of PVC in the absence and presence of copper, copper(II) oxide and copper(II) chlorideE-J. Chem.632009685692
  • K.MinskerG.FedoseyevaDegradation and Stabilization of Polyvinylchloride1979KhimiaMoscow (in Russian)
  • J.LabartaM.HerreroP.TiembloC.MijangosH.ReineckeWetchemical surface modification of plasticized PVC. Characterization by FTIR-ATR and Raman microscopyPolymer44200322632269
  • M.KratzD.HendrickerPreparation of polymer-bound 2,2′-dipyridylamine and some of its transition metal complexesPolymer27198616411643
  • E.YousifJ.SalimonN.SalihB.AbdullahPhotochemical study of PS based on presence Schiff of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole as photostabilizer6th International Engineering Conference, Energy and Environment2013
  • S.ChmelaP.LajoieP.HrdlovicJ.LacosteCombined oligomeric light and heat stabilizersPolym. Degrad. Stab.712001171177
  • E.YousifE.BakirJ.SalimonN.SalihEvaluation of Schiff bases of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole as photostabilizer for poly(methyl methacrylate)J. Saudi Chem. Soc.162012279285
  • N.SalihJ.SalimonE.YousifA.HamedMicrowave synthesis of some new 1,3-oxazepine compounds as photostabilizing additives for poly(vinyl chloride) filmsAsian J. Chem.2512201367486754
  • N.CheremisionHand Book of Engineering Polymeric Materials, New York1997 (Chapter 8)
  • S.L.DavidY.G.HsuanAssessing the photodegradation of geosynthetics by outdoor exposure and laboratory weatherometerGeotext. Geomembr.212003111122
  • A.FrankH.LeonardL.RobertA.JosephJ.DennisUV stabilizerEncycl. Polym. Sci. Technol.82002269309
  • P.KlemchukM.GandeE.CordolaHindered amine mechanisms: Part III-Investigations using isotopic labellingPolym. Degrad. Stab.2719906574
  • G.GueskensM.KandaG.NedelkosThe mechanism of action of hindered amine stabilizers. Production of nitroxy radicals and inhibition of the photo oxidation in different polymersBull. Soc. Chim. Belg.99199010851100
  • E.StepN.TurroM.GandeP.KlemchukMechanism of polymer stabilization by hindered-amine light stabilizers (HALS). Model investigations of the interaction of peroxy radicals with HALS amines and amino ethersMacromolecules27199425292539
  • J.StretanskiA New Light Stabilizer for Polyolefine, SPE-RETEC Polyolefins III1981
  • CabotCarbon Blacks for Protection of Plastics Exposed to Ultraviolet Light, CABOT Technical Report S-1141990Cabot CorporationBillerica, MA7
  • T.TurtonJ.WhiteEffect of stabilizer and pigment on photo-degradation depth profiles in polypropylenePolym. Degrad. Stab.742001559568
  • D.OlsonS.SchroeterUV screen progenitors thermally labile urethane derivatives of hydroxyphenylbenzotriazoles and hydroxybenzophenonesJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.22197821652176
  • A.LamollaEnergy Transfer and Organic Photochemistry, Technique of Organic Chemistry1969WileyNew York114 (Chapter 2)
  • H.HellarH.BlattmanSome aspects of stabilization of polymers against lightPure Appl. Chem.361973141162
  • S.BeavanD.PhillipsCollisional effects on the phosphorescence of 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone vapourJ. Photochem.81978247261
  • E.DanA.SomersallJ.GuilletPhotochemistry of ketone polymers. IX. Triplet energy transfer in poly(vinyl ketones)Macromolecules61973228230
  • G.GeuskensG.NedelkosThe oxidation of hindered amine light stabilizers to nitroxy radicals in solution and in polymersPolym. Degrad. Stab.191987365
  • P.GijsmanJ.HennekensD.TummersThe mechanism of action of hindered amine light stabilizersPolym. Degrad. Stab.391993225233
  • F.GugumusCurrent trends in mode of action of hindered amine light stabilizersPolym. Degrad. Stab.401993167215
  • T.KurumadaH.OhsawaT.FujitaT.TodaThe effect of N-substituents of hindered amine on photo-oxidation of polypropyleneJ. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed.221984277281
  • B.FelderPolymer Stabilization and Degradation2801985American Chemical SocietyWashington, DC69
  • D.BauerJ.GerlockPhoto-stabilization and photo-degradation in organic coatings containing a hindered amine light stabilizer: Part IV-Photo-initiation rates and photo-oxidation rates in unstabilized coatingsPolym. Degrad. Stab.271990271284
  • J.GerlockD.MielewskiD.BauerPhoto-initiation rate behavior of weathered coatings: ESR-nitroxide decay assayPolym. Degrad. Stab.201988123134
  • D.BauerM.DeanJ.GerlockComparison of photostabilization in acrylic/urethane and acrylic/melamine coatings containing hindered amines and ultraviolet absorbersInd. Eng. Chem. Res.2719886570
  • M.NeimanE.RozantzevY.MamedovaFree radical reactions involving no unpaired electronsNature1961962472
  • I.VulicS.SammuelsA.WagnerNew Breakthroughs in Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer PerformanceADDCON WORLD; 2, Addcon World Conference1999
  • J.DurmisD.CarlssonK.ChanD.WilesPhotostabilization of polypropylene by a hindered amineJ. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed.191981549554
  • E.RozantsevP.LoshadkinThe history and modern problems of free radical chemistry. 100 years of free radical chemistryDes. Monom. Polym.42001281300
  • M.DankoŠ.ChmelaP.HrdlovičPhotochemical stability and photostabilizing efficiency of anthracene/hindered amine stabilizers in polymer matricesPolym. Degrad. Stab.792003333343
  • H.HellarH.BlattmanSome aspects of the light protection of polymersPure Appl. Chem.301972145166
  • J. Stretanski, Polyolefins stabilized against light-induced degradation, U.S. Pat. 4,237,042 (to American Cyanamid Co.) (1980).
  • J. Stretanski, F. Loffelman, Stabilized titanium dioxide-pigmented polyolefin compositions, U.S. Pat. 4,670,491 (to American Cyanamid Co.) (1987).
  • N.AllenM.MudherP.GreenPhoto-stabilising action of ortho-hydroxy aromatic compounds in polypropylene film: UV absorption versus radical scavengingPolym. Degrad. Stab.719848394
  • E.YousifPhotostabilization of PVC by Inorganic Complexes2010LAP, LAMBERT, Academic PublishingGermany
  • E.YousifPhotostabilization of Thermoplastic Polymers2012Lambert, Academic PublishingGermany
  • L.DavidY.GraceAssessing the photo-degradation of geosynthetics by outdoor exposure and laboratory weatherometerGeotext. Geomembr.212003111122
  • Y.HsuanR.KoernerAntioxidant depletion lifetime in high density polyethylene geomembranesJ. Geotechn. Geo-environ. Eng., ASCE12461998532541
  • P.GijsmanJ.HennekensK.JanssenComparison of UV degradation chemistry in accelerated (Xenon) aging tests and outdoor test (II)Polym. Degrad. Stab.4619946374
  • P.GijsmanA.DozemanComparison of the UV-degradation chemistry of unstabilized and HALS-stabilized polyethylene and polypropylenePolym. Degrad. Stab.5319964550
  • R.BacalogluM.FischDegradation and stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride). V. Reaction mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride) degradationPolym. Degrad. Stab.4719953357
  • B.IvanThermal stability, degradation, and stabilization mechanisms of poly(vinyl chloride)R.CloughN.BillinghamK.GillenPolymer Durability, Degradation, Stabilization, and Lifetime Prediction, Advances in Chemistry Series 2491996American Chemical SocietyWashington, DC1933
  • E.YousifR.HaddadA.AhmedPhotodegradation and Photostabilization of Polystyrene2013LAP, LAMPERTGermany
  • E.YousifJ.SalimonN.SalihNew stabilizer for polystyrene based on 2-thioacetic acid benzothiazol complexesJ. Appl. Polym. Sci.125201219221927
  • R.RasheedH.MansoorE.YousifA.HameedY.FarinaA.GraisaPhotostabilizing of PVC films by 2-(aryl)-5-[4-(aryloxy)-phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole compoundsEur. J. Sci. Res.302009464477
  • J.GardetteS.GaumetJ.PhilippartInfluence of experimental conditions on the photo-oxidation of PVCJ. Appl. Poylm. Sci.4811199318851895
  • E.YousifS.HameedE.BakirSynthesis and photochemical study of poly(vinyl chloride)-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazoleJ. Al-Nahrain Univ.1012007712
  • S.RabieA.KhalilAntimicrobial agents as photostabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride)Polym. Adv. Technol.32201213941402
  • D.BraunS.RabieN.KhaireldinM.Abd El-GhaffarPreparation and evaluation of some benzophenone terpolymers as photostabilizers for rigid PVCJ. Vinyl Addit. Technol.17201147155
  • S.RabieA.KhalilA.NadaDiamide derivatives as photostabilizers for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)J. Vinyl Addit. Technol.142008191196
  • E.YousifTriorganotin(IV) complexes photo-stabilizers for rigid PVC against photodegradationJ. Taibah Univ. Sci.720137987
  • P.SimonL.ValkoKinetics of polymer degradation involving the splitting off of small molecules: Part 6-Dehydrochlorination of PVC in an atmosphere of HClPolym. Degrad. Stab.351992249253
  • E.YousifN.SalihJ.SalimonImprovement of the photostabilization of PVC films in the presence of thioacetic acid benzothiazole complexesMalay. J. Anal. Sci.15120118192
  • N.MahmoudA.SalamM.WessalA.MohammedSpectroscopic study of the effect of a new metal chelate on the stability of PVCJ. Assoc. Arab Univ. Basic Appl. Sci.1420136774
  • E.CrawfordA.LesserMechanics of rubber particle cavitation in toughened polyvinylchloride (PVC)Polymer41200058655870
  • X.ChenJ.WangJ.ShenEffect of UV-irradiation on poly(vinyl chloride) modified by methyl methacrylate–butadiene–styrene copolymerPolym. Degrad. Stab.872005527533
  • Z.GenhuaC.PanPreparation of star polymers based on polystyrene or poly(styrene-b-N-isopropyl acrylamide) and divinylbenzene via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerizationPolymer46200528022810