The NASCAR experience: Examining the influence of fantasy sport participation on ‘non-fans’

References

• I.AjzenThe theory of planned behaviorOrganizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes5021991179211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.H.AmatoC.L.PetersA.T.ShaoAn exploratory investigation into NASCAR fan cultureSport Marketing Quarterly1420057183
   Google Scholar
• S.J.BackmanJ.L.CromptonDifferentiating between high, spurious, latent, and low loyalty participants in two leisure servicesJournal of Park and Recreation Administration.132199129212
   Google Scholar
• C.D.BodkinC.AmatoC.PetersThe role of conflict, culture, and myth in creating attitudinal commitmentJournal of Business Research62200910131019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N.BrownA.C.BillingsB.RuihleyExploring the change in motivations for fantasy sport participation during the life cycle of a sports fanCommunication Research Reports2942012333342
   Google Scholar
• A.BrymanSocial research methods2008Oxford University PressNew York, NY
   Google Scholar
• J.CohenStatistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences2nd ed.1988Erlbaum/Psychology PressHillsdale, NJ
   Google Scholar
• G.CrawfordConsuming sport: Fans, sport and culture2004RoutledgeLondon, UK
   Google Scholar
• F.DefordNobody cool wants to look under the hood of a car anymore2012, March 27 Retrieved from http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/racing/news/20120321/nascar-popularity/
   Google Scholar
• N.K.DenzinThe research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods1978McGraw-HillNew York
   Google Scholar
• J.DrayerS.L.ShapiroB.DwyerA.L.MorseJ.WhiteThe effects of fantasy participation on NFL consumption: A qualitative analysisSport Management Review132010129141
   Google Scholar
• B.DwyerDivided loyalty? An analysis of fantasy football involvement and fan loyalty to individual National Football League (NFL) teamsJournal of Sport Management2552011445457
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.DwyerJ.DrayerFantasy sport consumer segmentation: An investigation into the differing consumption modes of fantasy football participantsSport Marketing Quarterly192010207216
   Google Scholar
• B.DwyerY.KimFor love or money: Developing and validating a motivational scale for fantasy football participationJournal of Sport Management2520117083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.EberlyWhat is causing decline in attendance at NASCAR tracks?2012, August 22 Retrieved from http://sportsrants.com/ebsedge/2012/08/22/what-is-causing-decline-in-attendance-at-nascar-tracks/
   Google Scholar
• C.ElliottDarlington raceway: Too tough to tame2013Arcadia PublishingCharleston, SC
   Google Scholar
• Fantasy Sports Trade AssociationIndustry demographics2013 Retrieved from http://https://fsta.site-ym.com/%3Fpage=Demographics
   Google Scholar
• L.K.FarquharR.MeedsTypes of fantasy sports users and their motivationsJournal of Computer-Mediated Communication12200712081228
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.H.FazioAttitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strengthSocial Cognition2552007603637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.H.FazioM.C.PowellP.H.HerrToward a process model of the attitude-behavior relation: Accessing one's attitude upon mere observation of the attitude objectJournal of Personality and Social Psychology4441983723735
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.FishbeinI.AjzenBeliefs, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research1975Addison-WesleyReading, MA
   Google Scholar
• R.J.FisherK.WakefieldFactors leading to group identification: A field study of winners and losersPsychology & Marketing1519982340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.C.FunkJ.JamesThe psychological continuum model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sportSport Management Review422001119150
   Google Scholar
• D.C.FunkJ.D.JamesThe fan attitude network (FAN) model: Exploring attitude formation and change among sport consumersSport Management Review72004126
   Google Scholar
• B.G.GlaserA.L.StraussThe discovery of grounded theory1967AldineChicago
   Google Scholar
• J.M.GottmanR.M.McFailJ.T.BarnettDesign and analysis of research using time seriesPsychological Bulletin7241969299306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.GrewalJ.A.CoteH.BaumgartnerMulticollinearity and measurement error in structural equation models: Implications for theory testingMarketing Science2342004519529
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.HeereJ.D.JamesStepping outside the lines: developing a multi-dimensional team identity scale based on social identity theorySport Management Review10120076591
   Google Scholar
• B.HeereM.WalkerM.YoshidaY.J.KoJ.S.JordanJ.D.JamesBrand community development through associated communities: Grounding community measurement within social identity theoryJournal of Marketing Theory and Practice1942011407422
   Google Scholar
• L.W.HugenbergB.S.HugenbergIf it ain’t rubbin’, it ain’t racin’: NASCAR, American values, and fandomJournal of Popular Culture4142008357635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.A.HuntT.BristolR.E.BashawA conceptual approach to classifying sports fansJournal of Services Marketing1361999439452
   Google Scholar
• Y.HurY.J.KoJ.ValacichMotivation and concerns for online sport consumptionJournal of Sport Management2142007521539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.IwasakiM.E.HavitzA path analytic model of the relationships between involvement, psychological commitment, and loyaltyJournal of Leisure Research3021998256280
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.JamesBecoming a sports fan: Understanding cognitive development and socialization in the development of fan loyalty (Unpublished doctoral dissertation)1997The Ohio State University
   Google Scholar
• J.JamesS.RossThe motives of sport consumers: A comparison of major and minor league baseballInternational Journal of Sport Management332002180198
   Google Scholar
• J.JamesM.WalkerW.KuminkaBecoming a professional football team fan: Differences based on level of team of internalizationInternational Journal of Sport Management1020091434
   Google Scholar
• O.P.JohnV.Benet-MartinezMeasurement: Reliability, construct validation and scale constructionH.T.ReisC.M.JuddHandbook of research methods in social psychology2000Cambridge University PressNew York339369
   Google Scholar
• K.JohnsonForget footballAmerican Demographics23220013437
   Google Scholar
• N.KateA member of the familyAmerican Demographics176199553
   Google Scholar
• L.KinneyS.R.McDanielL.DeGarisDemographic and psychographic variables predicting NASCAR sponsor brand recallInternational Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship932008169179
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.H.KwakC.H.LimW.Y.LeeJ.MahanHow confident are you to win your fantasy league: Exploring the antecedents and consequences of winning expectancyJournal of Sport Management242010416433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.H.KwonK.L.ArmstrongFactors influencing impulse buying of sport team licensed merchandiseSport Marketing Quarterly1132002151164
   Google Scholar
• K.LaFountainNASCAR looking for answers for declining attendance2012, May 2 Retrieved from http://www.ticketnews.com/news/nascar-looks-for-answers-to-declining-attendance051202274
   Google Scholar
• C.E.LanceM.M.ButtsL.C.MichelsThe sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria what did they really say?Organizational Research Methods922006202220
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.M.LevinF.BeasleyT.GambleBrand loyalty of NASCAR fans towards sponsors: The impact of fan identificationInternational Journal of Sports Management & Sponsorship6120041121
   Google Scholar
• D.LockK.FiloThe downside of being irrelevant and aloof: Exploring why individuals do not attend sportSport Management Review1522012187199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.MadrigalThe influence of social alliances with sports teams on intentions to purchase corporate sponsors’ productsJournal of Advertising29420001324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.D.McPhersonSocialization into the role of sport consumer: A theory and casual modeCanadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology1321976165177
   Google Scholar
• S.B.MerriamQualitative research: A guide to design and implementation2009Jossey-BassSan Francisco, CA
   Google Scholar
• T.S.MuellerInvolvement and rally car racing: The significance of importance, sign value and pleasure in motorsport marketingInternational Journal of Motorsport Management11201117
   Google Scholar
• R.H.Myers Classical and modern regression with applications Vol. 2 (1990) Duxbury Press. Belmont, CA.
   Google Scholar
• T.M.NesbitK.A.KingThe impact of fantasy sports on television viewershipJournal of Media Economics23120102441
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I.NewmanC.S.RidenourC.NewmanG.M.P.DeMarcoJr.A typology of research purposes and its relationship to mixed methodsA.TashakkoriC.TeddlieHandbook on mixed methods in the behavioral and social sciences2003Sage PublicationsThousand Oaks, CA167188
   Google Scholar
• J.OurandT.MickleNASCAR TV ratings take a plunge in 20122012, November 21 Retrieved from http://aol.sportingnews.com/nascar/story/2012-11-21/nascar-tv-ratings-decline-fox-espn-tnt-daytona-500-olympics
   Google Scholar
• C.W.ParkG.W.McClungThe effect of TV program involvement on involvement with commercialsAdvances in Consumer Research131986544548
   Google Scholar
• S.H.ParkRelationships between involvement and attitudinal loyalty constructs in adult fitness programsJournal of Marketing5619968395
   Google Scholar
• R.F.PotterJ.R.KeeneThe effect of sports fan identification on cognitive processing of sports newsInternational Journal of Sport Communication52012348367
   Google Scholar
• J.W.PracejusSeven psychological mechanisms through which sponsorship can influence consumersSports Marketing and the Psychology of Marketing Communication2004175190
   Google Scholar
• M.P.PritchardD.C.FunkThe formation and effect of attitude importance in professional sportEuropean Journal of Marketing44200810171036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.ReysenN.R.BranscombeFanship and fandom: Comparisons between sport and non-sport fansJournal of Sport Behavior3322010176193
   Google Scholar
• B.J.RuihleyR.L.HardinBeyond touchdowns, homeruns, and 3-pointers: An examination of fantasy sport participation motivationInternational Journal of Sport Management and Marketing103/42011232256
   Google Scholar
• M.L.Sartore-BaldwinM.WalkerThe process of organizational identity: What are the roles of social responsiveness, organizational image, and identification?Journal of Sport Management72011489505
   Google Scholar
• SBRNETAttendance and viewership statistics: NASCAR2013 Retrieved from http://www.sbrnet.com/research.asp%3Fsubrid=552
   Google Scholar
• T.K.SchurrA.F.WittigV.E.RubleA.S.EllenDemographic and personality characteristics associated with persistent, occasional, and non-attendance of university male basketball games by college studentsJournal of Sport Behavior1111988317
   Google Scholar
• D.ScottA.DunnNASCAR ticket revenue in sharp decline2012, July Retrieved from http://www.thatsracin.com/2012/07/07/91025/nascar-ticket-revenue-in-sharp.html
   Google Scholar
• W.J.SeoB.C.GreenDevelopment of the motivation scale for sport online consumptionJournal of Sport Management221200882109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.J.SmithThe noble sports fanJournal of Sport & Social Issues12119885465
   Google Scholar
• G.M.SpannNASCAR racing fans: Cranking up an empirical approachJournal of Popular Culture3622002352359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.I.SuhC.LimD.H.KwakP.M.PedersenExamining the psychological factors associated with involvement in fantasy sports: An analysis of participants’ motivations and constraintsInternational Journal of Sport management, Recreation & Tourism52010128
   Google Scholar
• Y.I.SuhP.M.PedersonParticipant's service quality perceptions of fantasy sports websites: The relationship between service quality, customer satisfaction, attitude, and actual usageSport Marketing Quarterly1920107887
   Google Scholar
• G.TrailD.AndersonJ.FinkA theoretical model of sport spectator consumption behaviorInternational Journal of Sport Management12000154180
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.D.VavrusThe politics of NASCAR dads: Branded media paternityCritical Studies in Media Communication2432007245261
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.WalkerB.HeereConsumer attitudes toward responsible entities in sport (CARES): Scale development and model testingSport Management Review142011153166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.WalkerA.KentDo fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industryJournal of Sport Management232009743769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.L.ZaichkowskyMeasuring the involvement constructJournal of Consumer Research121985341352
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.L.ZaichkowskyThe personal involvement inventory: Reduction, revision, and application to advertisingJournal of Advertising23419945970
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R.B.ZajoncFeeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferencesAmerican Journal of Psychology3521980151175
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar