Socio-demographic associates of tolerant attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women in Kosovo

References

• Ackerson, L. K., Kawachi, I., Barbeau, E. M., & Subramanian, S. V. (2008). Effects of individual and proximate educational context on intimate partner violence: A population-based study of women in India. American Journal of Public Health, 98(3), 507–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad, F. B., Riaz, S., Barata, P., & Stewart, D. E. (2004). Patriarchal beliefs and perceptions of abuse among South Asian immigrant women. Violence Against Women, 10(3), 262–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akers, R. (1977). Deviant behavior: A social learning approach (2nd edition), Belmont: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• AKREP (2013). Pasqyra e tregut të shërbimeve postare në Republikën e Kosovës: Regulatory Authority of Electronic and Postal Communications. Retrieved from http://arxiv:/www.akrep-rks.org/repository/docs
   Google Scholar
• Ali, P. A., & Naylor, P. B. (2013). Intimate partner violence: A narrative review of the biological and psychological explanations for its causation. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(3), 373–382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2013.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, P. A., & Naylor, P. B. (2013). Intimate partner violence: A narrative review of the feminist, social and ecological explanations for its causation. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(6), 611–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzoubi, F. A., & Ali, R. A. (2018). Jordanian men’s and women’s attitudes toward partner violence and its correlates with family functioning and demographics. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260518769368
   Google Scholar
• Ambrosetti, E., Amara, N. A., & Condon, S. (2013). Gender-based violence in Egypt: Analyzing impacts of political reforms, social, and demographic change. Violence Against Women, 19(3), 400–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R., Chen, W. C., Johnson, M. D., Lyon, S. E., Lee, C. Y. S., Zheng, F., & Peterson, F. R. (2011). Attitudes toward dating violence among college students in mainland China: An exploratory study. Violence and Victims 26(5), 631–647.
   Google Scholar
• Antai, D. E., & Antai, J. B. (2008). Attitudes of women toward intimate partner violence: A study of rural women in Nigeria. Rural and Remote Health, 8(3), 996
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASK (2016). Results of the Kosovo 2015 labor survey. Retrieved from. http://ask.rks-gov.net/media/1687/results-of-the-Kosovo-2015-labour-force-survey.pdf
   Google Scholar
• ASK (2015). Women and men in Kosovo 2014–2015. Retrieved from. http://ask.rks-gov.net/media/2582/women-and-men-ang-2014-2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• ASK (2014). Multiple indicator cluster survey in the Republic of Kosovo 2013–2014. Retrieved from. http://ask.rks-gov.net/media/1876/multiple-indicator-cluster-survey-in-the-republic-of-kosovo-2013-2014-key-findings.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Atkins, D. C., & Gallop, R. J. (2007). Rethinking how family researchers model infrequent outcomes: A tutorial on count regression and zero-inflated models. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Brownridge, D. A., Chan, K. L., Hiebert-Murphy, D., Ristock, J., Tiwari, A., Leung, W. C., & Santos, S. C. (2008). The elevated risk for non-lethal post-separation violence in Canada: A comparison of separated, divorced, and married women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(1), 117–135.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, J. (2015). Patriarchy and violence against women and girls. The Lancet, 385(9978), e40–e41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cislaghi, B., & Heise, L. (2018). Using social norms theory for health promotion in low-income countries. Health Promotion International.
   Google Scholar
• Delkhosh, M., Ardalan, A., Rahimiforoushani, A., Keshtkar, A., Farahani, L. A., & Khoei, E. M. (2017). Interventions for prevention of intimate partner violence against women in humanitarian settings: A protocol for a systematic review. PLoS Currents, 9.
   Google Scholar
• Ellsberg, M., Arango, D. J., Morton, M., Gennari, F., Kiplesund, S., & Contreras, M., & Watts, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: What does the evidence say? The Lancet, 385(9977), 1555–1566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurobarometer (2010). Domestic violence against women Retrieved from. European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_344_en.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Faramarzi, M., Esmailzadeh, S., & Mosavi, S. (2005). A comparison of abused and non-abused women’s definitions of domestic violence and attitudes to acceptance of male dominance. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 122(2), 225–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.11.047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Färnsveden, U., Qosaj-Mustafa, A., Farnsworth, N., & Nordlund, A. T. (2014). Profili gjinor i vendit. Retrieved from. http://https://abgj.rks-gov.net/Portals/0/Profili%20Gjinor%20i%20Vendit_2014%20-ALB.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Farnsworth, N., & Qosaj-Mustafa, A. (2008). Security begins at home: Research to inform the First National Strategy and Action Plan against domestic violence in Kosovo. Kosova Women’s Network. Retrieved from http://https://www.womensnetwork.org/documents/20130120165404373.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Farnsworth, N., Qosaj-Mustafa, A., Banjska, I., Berisha, A., & Morina, D. (2015). No more excuses: An analysis of attitudes, incidence, and institutional response to domestic violence in Kosovo. Kosova Women’s Network. Retrieved from http://www.womensnetwork.org/documents/20151124105025622.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Filipaj, G. J. (2009). Masculinity representation in Kosovo television media. In L. Vuniqi, & S. Halimi (Eds.), A lecture on gender note. Kosovo Gender Studies Centre (KGSC). Retrieved from http://www.womensnetwork.org/documents/20130510151314719.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Flood, M., & Pease, B. (2009). Factors influencing attitudes to violence against women. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 10(2), 125–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frye, V. (2007). The informal social control of intimate partner violence against women: Exploring personal attitudes and perceived neighborhood social cohesion. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(8), 1001–1018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, P., Sakalli-Ugurlu, N., Ferreira, M. C., & Souza, M. A. D. (2002). Ambivalent sexism and attitudes toward wife abuse in Turkey and Brazil. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(4), 292–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracia, E. (2014). Intimate partner violence against women and victim-blaming attitudes among Europeans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92(5), 380–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracia, E., & Herrero, J. (2006). Acceptability of domestic violence against women in the European Union: A multilevel analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(2), 123–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracia, E., & Lila, M. (2015). Attitudes towards violence against women in the EU. Luxembourg: Publication Office of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• Gracia, E., & Merlo, J. (2016). Intimate partner violence against women and the Nordic paradox. Social Science & Medicine, 157, 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.040 Retrieved from
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helgeson, V. S. (2012). The psychology of gender (4th edition), Boston: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Huesmann, L. R., Eron, L. D., & Dubow, E. F. (2002). Childhood predictors of adult criminality: Are all risk factors reflected in childhood aggressiveness?. Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 12(3), 185–208.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joshi, M., & Childress, S. (2017). A national attitudes toward intimate partner violence among married women in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajiskistan: Implications for health prevention and intervention. Journal of Social Work in Health Care, 56(4), 294–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelmendi, K. (2015). Domestic violence against women in Kosovo: A qualitative study of women’s experiences. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(4), 680–702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelmendi, K., & Baumgartner, F. (2017). Exploring violence socialization and approval of intimate partner violence among university students in Kosovo. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517692336, 0886260517692336
   Google Scholar
• Kim, J. C., Watts, C. H., Hargreaves, J. R., Ndhlovu, L. X., Phetla, G., & Morison, L. A., & Pronyk, P. (2007). Understanding the impact of a microfinance-based intervention on women’s empowerment and the reduction of intimate partner violence in South Africa. American Journal of Public Health, 97(10), 1794–1802.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishor, S., & Johnson, K. (2006). Reproductive health and domestic violence: Are the poorest women uniquely disadvantaged?. Demography, 43(2), 293–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig, M. A., Lutalo, T., Zhao, F., Nalugoda, F., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Kiwanuka, N., & Gray, R. (2003). Domestic violence in rural Uganda: Evidence from a community-based study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81(1), 53–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause, K. H., Gordon-Roberts, R., VanderEnde, K., Schuler, S. R., & Yount, K. M. (2016). Why do women justify violence against wives more often than do men in Vietnam?. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(19), 3150–3173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawoko, S. (2008). Predictors of attitudes toward intimate partner violence: A comparative study of men in Zambia and Kenya. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(8), 1056–1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260507313972
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawoko, S. (2006). Factors associated with attitudes toward intimate partner violence: A study of women in Zambia. Violence and Victims, 21(5), 645–656.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawson, J. (2012). Sociological theories of intimate partner violence. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 22(5), 572–590.
   Google Scholar
• Linos, N., Khawaja, M., & Kaplan, R. L. (2012). Women’s acceptance of spousal abuse in Iraq: Prevalence rates and the role of female empowerment characteristics. Journal of Family Violence, 27(7), 625–633.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Londo, I. (2006). Career, beauty, and motherhood: Representation of gender role in women magazines in Albania. Stereotyping: Representation of Women in Print Media in South East Europe, 133.
   Google Scholar
• Lundgren, E. (1995). Feminist theory and violent empiricism
   Google Scholar
• Lushi, G. (2018, December 8). 225 meshkuj janë viktima të dhunës në familje. Gazeta Zëri. Retrieved from https://zeri.info/kronika/229021/225-meshkuj-jane-viktima-te-dhunes-ne-familje/.
   Google Scholar
• Markowitz, F. E. (2001). Attitudes and family violence: Linking intergenerational and cultural theories. Journal of Family Violence, 16(2), 205–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbi njëmijë raste të dhunës në familje gjatë vitit 2018. (2018, December 9). Gazeta Express. Retrieved from http://https://www.gazetaexpress.com/lajme/mbi-nje-mije-raste-te-dhunes-ne-familje-gjate-vitit-2018-603760/.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, D. T., & Prentice, D. A. (2016). Changing norms to change behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 339–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghimbeigi, A., Eshraghian, M. R., Mohammad, K., & Mcardle, B. (2008). Multilevel zero-inflated negative binomial regression modeling for over-dispersed count data with extra zeros. Journal of Applied Statistics, 35(10), 1193–1202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutt, R. L. (1999). Women’s gender-role socialization, gender-role conflict, and abuse: A review of predisposing factors. What causes men’s violence against women? pp. 117–134.
   Google Scholar
• O’Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men’s and women’s gender role journeys: A metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Eds.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107–123). New York, NY, US: Springer Publishing Co..
   Google Scholar
• Okenwa-Emegwa, L., Lawoko, S., & Jansson, B. (2016). Attitudes toward physical intimate partner violence against women in Nigeria. SAGE Open, 6(4), http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016667993
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlou, M., & Knowles, A. (2001). Domestic violence: Attributions, recommended punishments and reporting behaviour related to provocation by the victim. Psychiatry Psychology and Law, 8(1), 76–85.
   Google Scholar
• Qosaj-Mustafa, A., & Farnsworth, N. (2009). More than words on paper?” The response of justice providers to domestic violence in Kosovo. United Nations Development Fund, Women’s Safety and Security Initiative (WSSI).
   Google Scholar
• Rani, M., Bonu, S., & Diop-Sidibe, N. (2004). An empirical investigation of attitudes towards wife-beating among men and women in seven sub-Saharan African countries. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 116–136.
   Google Scholar
• Sayem, A. M., Begum, H. A., & Moneesha, S. S. (2012). Attitudes towards justifying intimate partner violence among married women in Bangladesh. Journal of Biosocial Science, 44(6), 641–660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, T. R., Anderson, M., Thompson, M. P., Crosby, A. E., Shelley, G., & Sacks, J. J. (2001). Attitudinal acceptance of intimate partner violence among US adults. Violence and Victims, 16(2), 115
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Speizer, I. S. (2010). Intimate partner violence attitudes and experience among women and men in Uganda. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(7), 1224–1241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stickley, Kislitsyna, Timofeeva, & Vågerö (2008). Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women in Moscow, Russia. Journal of Family Violence, 23(6), 447–456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stith, S. M., Smith, D. B., Penn, C. E., Ward, D. B., & Tritt, D. (2004). Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(1), 65–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahiraj, F. (2015). The challenges facing domestic violence victims in Kosovo. Acta universitatis Danubius: Juridica, 11(2).
   Google Scholar
• Tankard, M. E., & Paluck, E. L. (2016). Norm perception as a vehicle for social change. Social Issues and Policy Review, 10(1), 181–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, F. (2003). Content analysis and gender stereotypes in children’s books. Teaching Sociology, 300–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, T. D., Nguyen, H., & Fisher, J. (2016). Attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women among women and men in 39 low-and-middle-income countries. PLoS One, 11(11). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167438
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinh, O. T. H., Oh, J., Choi, S., To, K. G., & Do, D. V. (2016). Changes and socioeconomic factors associated with attitudes towards domestic violence among Vietnamese women aged 15–49: Findings from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, 2006–2011. Global Health Action, 9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNDP (2016). Kosovo human development report 2016: United Nations Development Program. Retrieved from. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/human_development_report_2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Uthman, O. A., Lawoko, S., & Moradi, T. (2009). Factors associated with attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women: A comparative analysis of 17 sub-Saharan countries. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 9(1), 14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uthman, O. A., Moradi, T., & Lawoko, S. (2009). The independent contribution of individual, neighborhood, and country level socioeconomic position on attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel model of direct and moderating effects. Social Science & Medicine, 68(10), 1801–1809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ViCHealth (2010). National survey on community attitudes to violence against women 2009. Carlton, Australia: ViCHealth.
   Google Scholar
• Vyas, S., & Watts, C. (2009). How does economic empowerment affect women’s risk of intimate partner violence in low and middle-income countries? A systematic review of published evidence. Journal of International Development, 21(5), 577–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, A., & Wandrei, M. L. (2002). Intimate partner violence: A model for predicting interventions by informal helpers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(9), 972–986.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitaker, D. J., Morrison, S., Lindquist, C., Hawkins, S. R., O’Neil, J. A., Nesius, A. M., & Reese, L. R. (2006). A critical review of interventions for the primary prevention of perpetration of partner violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11(2), 151–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO (2010). Preventing intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women: Taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• WHO (2012). Understanding and addressing violence against women: Intimate partner violence. Retrieved from. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77432/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf;jsessionid=28F06BFF827EACD21315921495AAA1D2?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• WHO (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Retrieved from. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/85239/9789241564625_eng.pdf;jsessionid=8BB3E848F787530471261E34001CA9A5?sequence=1
   Google Scholar
• World Bank/KAS (2011). Consumption poverty in the Republic of Kosovo in 2009. Retrieved from. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTKOSOVO/Resources/Kosovo_Poverty_for_web_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar