728
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Framing same-sex marriage in U.S. liberal and conservative newspapers from 2004 to 2016: Changes in issue attributes, organizing themes, and story tones

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 34-46 | Received 16 Mar 2019, Accepted 09 Jul 2019, Published online: 12 Feb 2020

References

  • Apuzzo, M. (2014, February 8). More Federal Privileges to Extend to Same-sex Couples. The New York Times, pp. A25.
  • Baunach, D. M. (2012). Changing same-sex marriage attitudes in America from 1988 through 2010. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(2), 364–378.
  • Becker, A. B., & Scheufele, D. A. (2009). Moral politicking: Public attitudes toward gay marriage in an election context. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 14(2), 186–211.
  • Bowen, S. A., & Zheng, Y. (2015). Auto recall crisis, framing, and ethical response: Toyota’s missteps. Public Relations Review, 41(1), 40–49.
  • Boyle, T. P. (2001). Intermedia agenda setting in the 1996 presidential election. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 78(1), 26–44.
  • Brewer, P. (2003). Values, political knowledge, and public opinion about gay rights: A framing-based account. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67(2), 173–201.
  • Harper, B. K. (2013, February 19). Gay-marriage backers push changes. Dallas Morning News, pp. A03.
  • Brumbaugh, S. M., Sanchez, L. A., Nock, S. L., & Wright, J. D. (2008). Attitudes toward gay marriage in states undergoing marriage law transformation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 70(2), 345–359.
  • Cattanach, J. (2009, February 13). Gay couples raise one voice for same-sex marriage rights. Dallas Morning News, pp. 3B.
  • Coleman, R., McCombs, M., Shaw, D., & Weaver, D. (2009). Agenda setting. In K. Wahl-Jorgensen, & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.), The handbook of journalism studies (pp. 147–160). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Craig, S. C., Martinez, M. D., Kane, J. G., & Gainous, J. (2005). Core values, value conflict, and citizens’ ambivalence about gay rights. Political Research Quarterly, 58(1), 5–17.
  • Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51–58.
  • Fetner, T. (2001). Working Anita Bryant: The impact of Christian anti-gay activism on lesbian and gay movement claims. Social Problems, 48(3), 411–428.
  • Fico, F., Richardson, J. D., & Edwards, S. M. (2004). Influence of story and structure on perceived story bias and news organization credibility. Mass Communication and Society, 7(3), 301–318.
  • Gallup (2017). U.S. support for gay marriage edges to new high Retrieved from. http://news.gallup.com/poll/210566/support-gay-marriage-edges-new-high.aspx
  • Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A constructionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, 95(1), 1–37.
  • Gross, L. (2005). The past and the future of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender studies. Journal of Communication, 55(3), 508–528.
  • Hackl, A. M., Boyer, C. R., & Galupo, M. P. (2013). From “gay marriage controversy” (2004) to “endorsement of same-sex marriage” (2012): Framing bisexuality in the marriage equality discourse. Sexuality and Culture, 17(3), 512–524.
  • Hester, J. B., & Gibson, R. (2007). The agenda-setting function of national versus local media: A time-series analysis for the issue of same-sex marriage. Mass Communication and Society, 10(3), 299–317.
  • Hull, K. E. (2001). The political limits of the rights frame: The case of same-sex marriage in Hawaii. Sociological Perspectives, 44(2), 207–232.
  • Hulse, C. (2004, July 14). Gay-marriage ban faces loss in early vote. The New York Times, pp. 19.
  • Jackson, D. (2004, February 25). Bush backs gay marriage ban. Dallas Morning News, pp. 1A.
  • Johnson, C. (2013). Fixing the meaning of marriage: Political symbolism and citizen identity in the same-sex marriage debate. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 27(2), 242–253.
  • Johnson, T. (2012). Equality, morality, and the impact of media framing: Explaining opposition to same-sex marriage and civil unions. Politics and Policy, 40(6), 1053–1080.
  • Jowett, A., & Peel, E. (2010). “Seismic Cultural Change?”: British media representations of same-sex “marriage”. Women’s Studies International Forum, 33(3), 206–214.
  • Kim, S. H., Besley, J. C., Oh, S. H., & Kim, S. Y. (2014). Talking about bio-fuel in the news: Newspaper framing of ethanol stories in the United States. Journalism Studies, 15(2), 218–234.
  • Kim, S. H., Scheufele, D. A., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Think about it this way: Attribute agenda-setting function of the press and the public’s evaluation of a local issue. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(1), 7–25.
  • Kocieniewski, D. (2010, January 5). Odds against gay marriage grow with setback in Trenton. The New York Times, pp. 16.
  • Liebler, C. M., Schwartz, J., & Harper, T. (2009). Queer tales of morality: The press, same-sex marriage, and hegemonic framing. Journal of Communication, 59(4), 653–675.
  • Mansnerus, L. (2006, October 25). New Jersey high court ruling on gay marriage is expected today. The New York Times, pp. 3.
  • McCombs, M. (1994). The future agenda for agenda setting research. Journal of Mass Communication Studies, 45, 171–181.
  • McFadden, R. D. (2008, October 11). Gay marriage is ruled legal in Connecticut. The New York Times, pp. 1.
  • Moon, S. J. (2011). Attention, attitude, and behavior: Second-level agenda-setting effects as a mediator of media use and political participation. Communication Research, 40(5), 698–719.
  • Moscowitz, L. M. (2010). Gay marriage in television news: Voice and visual representation in the same-sex marriage debate. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 54(1), 24–39.
  • Olson, L. R., Cadge, W., & Harrison, J. T. (2006). Religion and public opinion about same-sex marriage. Social Science Quarterly, 87(2), 340–360.
  • Pan, P. L., Meng, J., & Zhou, S. (2010). Morality or equality? Ideological framing in news coverage of gay marriage legitimization. The Social Science Journal, 47(3), 630–645.
  • Paterson, L. L., & Coffey-Glover, L. (2018). Discourses of marriage in same-sex marriage debates in the UK press 2011–2014. Journal of Language and Sexuality, 7(2), 175–204.
  • Peters, G. (2008). 2008 general election editorial endorsements by major newspapers. The American presidency project. Available at: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/data/2008_newspaper_endorsements.php
  • Peters, G., & Woolley, J. T. (2012). 2012 general election editorial endorsements by major newspapers. The American Presidency Project. Available at: http://https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/data/2012-general-election-editorial-endorsements-major-newspapers
  • Peters, G., & Woolley, J. T. (2016). 2016 general election editorial endorsements by major newspapers. The American Presidency Project. Available at: http://https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/data/2016-general-election-editorial-endorsements-major-newspapers
  • Price, V., Nir, L., & Cappella, J. N. (2005). Framing public discussion of gay civil unions. Public Opinion Quarterly, 69(2), 179–212.
  • Rodriguez, N. S., & Blumell, L. (2014). What a year! The framing of marriage equality through media’s selected sources in 2013. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 38(4), 341–359.
  • Sayre, B., Bode, L., Shah, D., Wilcox, D., & Shah, C. (2010). Agenda setting in a digital age: Tracking attention to California proposition 8 in social media, online news and conventional news. Policy and Internet, 2(2), 7–32.
  • Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103–122.
  • Shear, M. D. (2013, June 28). Obama, in Africa, praises U.S. ruling on gay marriage. The New York Times.
  • Sherkat, D. E., De Vries, K. M., & Creek, S. (2010). Race, religion, and opposition to same-sex marriage. Social Science Quarterly, 91(1), 80–98.
  • Smith, R. R., & Windes, R. R. (2000). Progay/antigay: The rhetorical war over sexuality. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Sweetser, K. D., Golan, G. J., & Wanta, W. (2008). Intermedia agenda setting in television, advertising, and blogs during the 2004 election. Mass Communication and Society, 11(2), 197–216.
  • Tanner, A. H., Friedman, D. B., & Zheng, Y. (2015). Influences on the construction of health news: The reporting practices of local television news health journalists. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(2), 359–376.
  • Turner, G., Mills, S., Van Der Bom, I., Coffey-Glover, L., Paterson, L. L., & Jones, L. (2018). Opposition as victimhood in newspaper debates about same-sex marriage. Discourse & Society, 29(2), 180–197.
  • Warren, D., & Bloch, K. (2014). Framing same-sex marriage: Media constructions of Proposition 8. The Social Science Journal, 51(4), 503–513.
  • Yardley, W. (2012, February 9). House vote moves Washington state closer to gay marriage. The New York Times, pp. 15.
  • Zhou, S., & Sloan, W. D. (2015). Research methods in communication (2nd ed.). Northport, AL: Vision Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.