References
- AlexanderK.L., EntwisleD.R., & DauberS.L. (1994). On the success of failure: A reassessment of the effects of retention in the primary grades. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Beebe-FrankenbergerM., BocianK.M., MacMillanD.L. & GreshamF.M. (2004). Sorting second-grade students: Differentiating those retained from those promoted. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(2), 204–215.
- DaviesF., & FletcherJ. (2001). Repetition of the pre-primary year: Why is it done, and what is its effect? The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 18(1), 42–60.
- DemarayM.K., RuffaloS.L., CarlsonJ., BusseR.T., OlsonA.E., McManusS.M., & LeventhalA. (1995). Social skills assessment: A comparative evaluation of six published rating scales. School Psychology Review, 24(4), 648–671.
- DennebaumJ.M., & KulbergJ.M. (1994). Kindergarten retention and transition classrooms: Their relationship to achievement. Psychology in the Schools, 31, 5–12.
- FergusonP.C. (1991). Longitudinal outcome differences among promoted and transitional at-risk kindergarten students. Psychology in the Schools, 28, 139–146.
- FergusonP., JimersonS.R., & DaltonM.J. (2001). Sorting out successful failures: Exploratory analyses of factors associated with academic and behavioural outcomes of retained students. Psychology in the Schools, 38(4), 327–341.
- GlickM., & ZiglerE. (1985). Self-image: A cognitive-developmental approach. In LeahyR.L. (Ed.), Handbook of self-concept (pp. 1–53). Orlando: Academic Press Inc.
- GottfredsonD.C, FinkC.M., & GrahamN. (1994). Grade retention and problem behaviour. American Educational Research Journal, 31(4), 761–784.
- GreshamF.M., & ElliotS.N. (1990) Social Skills Rating System manual. Circle Pines, Minnesota: American Guidance Service.
- HarterS. (1985). Competence as a dimension of self-evaluation: Toward a comprehensive model of self-worth. In LeahyR.L. (Ed.), Handbook of self-concept (pp. 55–121). Orlando: Academic Press Inc.
- HolmesC.T., & MatthewsK.M. (1984). The effects of nonpromotion on elementary and junior high school pupils: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 54(2), 225–236.
- JacksonG.B. (1975). The research evidence on the effects of grade retention. Review of Educational Research, 45(4), 613–635
- JimersonS., CarlsonE., RotertM., EgelandB., & SroufeL.A. (1997). A prospective longitudinal study of the correlates and consequences of early grade retention. Journal of School Psychology, 35(1), 3–25.
- KeithL.K., & BrackenB.A. (1996). Self-concept instrumentation: A historical and evaluative review. In BrackenB.A. (Ed.), Handbook of self-concept (pp. 91–170). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
- KennyD. (1989a). The effect of grade repetition on the social /emotional adjustment of infants and primary students. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 6, 1–10.
- KennyD. (1989b). The effect of grade repetition on the academic performance of infants and primary students. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 5, 11–16.
- MantzicopoulosP., & MorrisonD. (1992). Kindergarten retention: Academic and behavioural outcomes through the end of second grade. American Educational Research Journal, 29(1), 182–198.
- MantzicopoulosP.Y., & Neuharth-PritchettS. (1998). Transitional first-grade referrals: An analysis of school-related factors and children’s characteristics. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(1), 122–133
- Marsh, (1988). Self Description Questionnaire: A theoretical and empirical basis for the measurement of multiple dimensions of preadolescent self-concept: A test manual and a research monograph. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
- MarshH.W., CravenR.G., & DebusR. (1991). Self-concepts of young children 5 to 8 years of age: Measurement and multidimensional structure. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 377–392.
- MayD.C., & WelchE.L. (1984). The effects of developmental placement and early retention on children’s later scores on standardised tests. Psychology in the Schools, 21, 381–385.
- MeiselsS.J., & LiawF. (1993). Failure in grade: Do retained students catch up? Journal of Educational Research, 87(2), 69–77.
- PaganoR.R. (1998). Understanding statistics in the behavioral sciences (5th ed). Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
- PetersonS.E., DeGracieJ.S., & AyabeC.R. (1987). A longitudinal study of the effects of retention/promotion on academic achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 24(1), 107–118.
- PiersonL.H., & ConnellJ.P. (1992). Effect of grade retention on self-system processes, school engagement, and academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 300–307.
- PomplunM. (1988). Retention: The earlier, the better? Journal of Educational Research, 81(5), 281–287.
- TabachnickB.G., and FidellL.S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
- WoodcockR.W. (1987). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests — Revised. Circle Pines, Minnesota: American Guidance Service.
- WestwoodP. (1993). The South Australian Spelling Test. In WestwoodP. (1999). Spelling: Approaches to teaching and assessment. Camberwell, Victoria: ACER.