Research Article: DDT, Dioxins, and PCBs in Sediments in a Historically Polluted Estuary along the Gulf of Mexico

References

• Abramowicz, D.A. 1990. Aerobic and Anaerobic Biodegradation of PCBs: a Review. In CRC Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, vol. 10 G.G. Steward and I. Russell, eds. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 241–251.
   Google Scholar
• Andrade, M.L., Reyzabal M.L., Covelo E.F., and Vega F.A. 2005. Organochlorine pesticides in soils of the horticultural belt of Bahia Blanca (Argentina). Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85:273–282.10.4141/S04-024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1998. Toxicological Profile for Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 735 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2000. Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 948 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 2004. Toxicological Profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 497 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Boul, H.L., Garnham M.L., Hucker D., and Aislabie J. 1994. Influence of Agricultural Practices on the Levels of DDT and Its Residues in Soil. Environmental Science and Technology 28:1397–1402.10.1021/es00057a00422165920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchman, M.F. 2008. NOAA Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs).NOAA OR&R Report 08-1.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA. 34 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Carter, C.W., and Suffe I.H. 1982. Binding of DDT to Dissolved Humic Materials. Environmental Science and Technology 16(11):735–740.10.1021/es00105a00322299779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBusk, W.F., Poyer I., and Herzfeld L. 2002. Sediment Quality in the Pensacola Bay System. (Technical File Report 02-03). Northwest Florida Water Management District. Havana, FL, 76 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Duke, T.W., Lowe J.I., and Wilson A.J. Jr. 1970. A Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) in the Water, Sediment, and Biota of Escambia Bay, Florida. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 5(2):171–180.10.1007/BF0161719624185810
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eggleton, J., and Thomas K.V. 2004. A Review of Factors Affecting the Release and Bioavailability of Contaminants During Sediment Disturbance Events. Environment International 30(7):973–980.10.1016/j.envint.2004.03.00115196845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Register. 1998, February 27. Decision on Designation of, Critical Habitat for the Gulf Sturgeon. Rules and Regulations, Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric, Administration, 50 CFR Part 226, Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 50 CFR Part 17, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, and Plants; Vol. 63, No. 39. Available at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1998-02-27/pdf/98-5193.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Florida Department of Health (FLDOH). 2015. Your Guide to Eating Fish Caught in Florida. State of Florida. Available at www.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/prevention/healthy-weight/nutrition/seafood-consumption/_documents/2013-advisory-brochure1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Gullett, B.K., and Touati A. 2003. PCDD/F Emissions from Forest Fires. Atmospheric Environment 37(6):803–813.10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00951-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagy, J.D. III, Lehrter J.C., and Murrell M.C. 2006. Effects of Hurricane Ivan on Water Quality in Pensacola Bay, Florida. Estuaries and Coasts 29(6A):919–925.10.1007/BF02798651
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, J., Harwell L., and Summers J.K. 2008. Contaminant Concentrations in Whole-Body Fish and Shellfish from US Estuaries. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 137:403–412.10.1007/s10661-007-9776-117564799
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitch, R.K., and Day H.R. 1992. Unusual Persistence of DDT in Some Western USA Soils. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 48(2):259–264.1536998
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islam, M.S., and Tanaka M. 2004. Review: Impacts of Pollution on Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Including Coastal and Marine Fisheries and Approach for Management: a Review and Synthesis. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48:624–649.10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.12.00415041420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaga, K., and Dharmani C. 2003. Global Surveillance of DDT and DDE Levels in Human Tissues. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 16:7–20.12705713
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karouna-Renier, N.K., Snyder R.A., Allison J.G., Wagner M.G., and Rao K.R. 2007. Accumulation of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Shellfish Collected in Estuarine Waters Near Pensacola: Florida Contamination Profiles and Risks to Human Consumers. Environmental Pollution 145:474–488.10.1016/j.envpol.2006.04.03516872729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karouna-Renier, N.K., Snyder R.A., Lange T., Gibson S., Allison J.G., Wagner M.E., and Ranga Rao K. 2011. Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Striped Mullet (Mugil cephalus) as Vectors of Contaminants to Human Consumers in Northwest Florida. Marine Environmental Research 72(3):96–104.10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.06.00321764437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws, E.A. 2000. Aquatic Pollution: An Introductory Text. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 619 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, T. 1986. November. The Pensacola Bay System. An Analysis of Estuarine Degradations and Their Relationship to Land Management Practices. Florida Department of Community Affairs, 1–149.
   Google Scholar
• Liebens, J., Mohrherr C.J., and Rao K.R. 2006. Pollution in an Urban Bayou: Magnitude, Spatial Distribution and Origin. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 174:235–263.10.1007/s11270-006-9103-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebens, J., Mohrherr C.J., and Rao K.R. 2007. Sediment Pollution Pathways of Trace Metals and Petroleum Hydrocarbons in a Small Industrialized Estuary: Bayou Chico, Pensacola, FL. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54(9):1529–1539.10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.05.01417624373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lohmann, L., and Jones K.C. 1998. Dioxins and Furans in Air and Deposition: A Review of Levels, Behavior and Processes. The Science of the Total Environment 219(1):53–81.10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00237-X9770324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, E.R., Robertson A., Wolfe D.A., Hameedi J., and Sloane G.M. 1996. Estimates of the Spatial Extent of Sediment Toxicity in Major U.S. Estuaries. Environmental Science and Technology 30(12):3585–3592.10.1021/es9602758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, D.D. 1994a. Approach to the Assessment of Sediment Quality in Florida Coastal Waters. Volume 1 - Development and Evaluation of Sediment Quality Assessment Guidelines. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Water Policy, Tallahassee, Florida, 140 pp.
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, D.D. 1994b. Approach to the Assessment of Sediment Quality in Florida Coastal Waters, Volume 2: Application of the Sediment Quality Assessment Guidelines. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Water Policy, Tallahassee, Florida, 59 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Mohrherr, C.J., Liebens J., and Rao K.R. 2012. PCB Profiles, Degradation and Origin in Sediments of Escambia Bay, FL. Environmental Forensics 13(2):164–174.10.1080/15275922.2012.676595
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murrell, M.C., and Lores E.M. 2004. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Seasonal Dynamics in a Subtropical Estuary: Importance of Cyanobacteria. Journal of Plankton Research 26(3):371–382.10.1093/plankt/fbh038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimmo, D.R., Wilson A.J., and Blackman R.R. 1970. Localization of DDT in the Body Organs of Pink and White Shrimp. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 5(4):333–341.10.1007/BF01539947
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimmo, D.R., Blackman R.R., Wilson A.J., and Forester J. 1971. Toxicity and Distribution of Aroclor 1254 in Pink Shrimp Penaeus duorarum. Marine Biology 11:191–197.10.1007/BF00401266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olinger, L.W., Rogers R.G., Force P.L., Todd T.L., Mullings B.L., Bisterfeld F.T., and Wise L.A. II. 1975. Environmental and Recovery Studies of Escambia Bay and the Pensacola Bay System, Florida. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 471 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Rubinstein, N.I., Pruell R.J., Taplin B.K., LiVolsi J.A., and Norwood C.B. 1990. Bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF and PCBs to Marine Benthos from Passaic River Sediments. Chemosphere 20(7–9):1097–1102.10.1016/0045-6535(90)90227-K
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, W.W., and Wiseman W.J. 1999. Geology and Hydrodynamics of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries. In Biogeochemistry of Gulf of Mexico Estuaries, T.S. Bianchi, J.R. Pennock, and R.R. Twilley, eds. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, 3–28.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, K.A., and Caffrey J.M. 2009. The Effects of Human Activities and Extreme Meteorological Events on Sediment Nitrogen Dynamics in an Urban Estuary, Escambia Bay, Florida, USA. Hydrobiologia 627:67–85.10.1007/s10750-009-9716-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ten Hulscher, T.E.M., Postma J., den Besten P.J., Stroomberg G.J., Belfroid A., Wegener J.W., Faber J.H., van der Pol J.J.C., Hendriks A.J., and van Noort P.C.M. 2003. Tenax Extraction Mimics Benthic and Terrestrial Bioavailability of Organic Compounds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22(10):2258–2265.10.1897/02-48814551987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe, P., Bartel R., Ryan P., Albertson K., Pratt T., and Cairns D. 1997. The Pensacola Bay System Surface Water Improvement and Management Plan: A Comprehensive Plan for the Restoration and Preservation of the Pensacola Bay System. Northwest Florida Water Management District, Program Development Series, 97–2, 149 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Tuzimski, T. 2012. Pesticide Residues in the Environment. In Pesticides: Evaluation of Environmental Pollution, H.S. Rathore and L.M.L. Nollet, eds. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, 659 pp.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1972. Transcript of proceedings: Conference in the Matter of Pollution of the Interstate Waters of the Escambia River Basin (Alabama-Florida) and the Intrastate Portions of the Escambia Basin within the State of Florida - Volume III. U.S. Government Printing Office, Gulf Breeze, FL, 673 pp.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1980. National Accomplishments in Pollution Control: 1970-1980, Some Case Histories. Office of Planning and Management, Program Evaluation Division, 1–166.
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2006. An Inventory of Sources and Environmental Releases of Dioxin-Like Compounds in the United States for the Years 1987, 1995, and 2000. (EPA/600/P-03/002F). National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Van den Berg, M., Birnbaum L.S., Denison M., De Vito M., Farland W., Feeley M., Fiedler H., Hakansson H., Hanberg A., Haws L., Rose M., Safe S., Schrenk D., Tohyama C., Tritscher A., Tuomisto J., Tysklind M., Walker N., and Peterson R.E. 2006. The 2005 World Health Organization Reevaluation of Human and Mammalian Toxic Equivalency Factors for Dioxins and Dioxin-Like Compounds. Toxicological Sciences 93(2):223–241.10.1093/toxsci/kfl05516829543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wandiga, S.O., Jumba I.O., Mutaaga W.G., and Lalah J.O. 2004. The Distribution, Metabolism and Toxicity of 14c-DDT in Model Aquarium Tanks with Fish and Sediment Simulating a Tropical Marine Environment. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 85(4–6):253–268.
   Google Scholar
• Webb, S.W., and Kneib R.T. 2002. Abundance and Distribution of Juvenile White Shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus within a Tidal Marsh Landscape. Marine Ecology Progress Series 232:213–223.10.3354/meps232213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, D., Dan M., Song Y., Chai Z., and Zhuang G. 2005. Concentration Characteristics of Extractable Organohalogens in PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment 39:4119–4128.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L.Y., Xia X.H., Liu S.D., and Bu Q.W. 2010. Distribution and Sources of DDTs in Urban Soils with Six Types of Land Use in Beijing, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 174:100–107.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.02219783096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida, T. 1975. Microbial Metabolism of Flooded Soils. In Soil Biochemistry, A. Paul and A. D. McLaren, eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, 83–122 pp.
   Google Scholar