Phylogenetic relationships and an assessment of traditionally used taxonomic characters in the Sporormiaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), utilising multi‐gene phylogenies

References

• Abdullah , S.K. , Al‐Saadoon , A.H. and Guarro , J. 1999 . New and interesting coprophilous ascomycetes from Iraq . Nova Hedwigia , 69 : 201 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed , S.I. and Cain , R.F. 1972 . Revision of the genera Sporormia and Sporormiella . Canadian Journal of Botany , 50 : 419 – 477 .
   Google Scholar
• Alfaro , M.E. , Zoller , S. and Lutzoni , F. 2003 . Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 20 : 255 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arenal , F. , Platas , G. and Peláez , F. 2004 . Variability of spore length in some species of the genus Preussia (Sporormiella) . Mycotaxon , 89 : 137 – 151 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arenal , F. , Platas , G. and Peláez , F. 2005 . Preussia africana and Preussia isabellae, two new Preussia species based on morphological and molecular evidence . Fungal Diversity , 20 : 1 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arenal , F. , Platas , G. and Peláez , F. 2007 . A new endophytic species of Preussia (Sporormiaceae) inferred from morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis . Fungal Diversity , 25 : 1 – 17 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arx , J.A. Von . 1973 . Ostiolate and nonostiolate pyrenomycetes . Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C , 76 : 289 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Arx , J.A. Von . 1981 . The Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. , Third edition , Vaduz : Cramer .
   Google Scholar
• Arx , J.A. Von and Aa , H.A. van Der . 1987 . Spororminula tenerifae gen. et sp. nov . Transactions of the British Mycological Society , 89 : 117 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arx , J.A. Von and Müller , E. 1975 . A re‐evaluation of the bitunicate Ascomycetes with keys to families and genera . Studies in Mycology , 9 : 1 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Arx , J.A. Von and Storm , P.K. 1967 . Über einige aus dem Erdboden isolierte, zu Sporormia, Preussia und Westerdykella gehörende Ascomyceten . Persoonia , 4 : 407 – 415 .
   Google Scholar
• Auerswald , B. 1868 . Die Sporormia‐Arten . Hedwigia , 7 : 65 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• Barr , M.E. 2000 . Notes on coprophilous bitunicate ascomycetes . Mycotaxon , 76 : 105 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell , A. 2005 . An illustrated guide to the coprophilous Ascomycetes of Australia , CBS Biodiversity Series No. 3 Utrecht, , the Netherlands : Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures .
   Google Scholar
• Binder , M. , Hibbett , D.S. , Larsson , K.H. , Larsson , E. , Langer , E. and Langer , G. 2005 . The phylogenetic distribution of resu‐pinate forms across the major clades of mushroom‐forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes) . Systematics and Biodiversity , 3 : 113 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burney , D.A. , Robinson , G.S. and Burney , L.P. 2003 . Sporormiella and the late Holocene extinctions in Madagascar . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 100 : 10800 – 10805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cain , R.F. 1934 . Studies of Coprophilous Sphaeriales in Ontario , University of Toronto Studies, Biological Series 38 University of Toronto Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cain , R.F. 1961 . Studies of coprophilous ascomycetes. VII. Preussia . Canadian Journal of Botany , 39 : 1633 – 1666 .
   Google Scholar
• Cejp , K. and Milko , A.A. 1964 . Genera of the Eurotiaceae with 32 ascospores ‐I. Westerdykella . Ceska Mykologie , 18 : 82 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Clum , F.M. 1955 . A new genus in the Aspergillaceae . Mycologia , 47 : 899 – 901 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das , A.C. 1962 . New species of Thielavia and Sordaria . Transactions of the British Mycological Society , 45 : 545 – 548 .
   Google Scholar
• Dissing , H. 1992 . Notes on the coprophilous pyrenomycete Sporormia fimetaria . Persoonia , 14 : 389 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döring , H. , Clerc , P. , Grube , M. and WedIn , M. 2000 . Mycobiont‐specific PCR primers for the amplification of nuclear ITS and LSU rDNA from lichenized ascomycetes . Lichenologist , 32 : 200 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doveri , F. 2004 . Fungi Fimicoli Italici , Trento : Associazione Micologica Bresadola .
   Google Scholar
• Egeland , I. 1969 . Three new species of Sporormia . Nytt Magasin for Botanik , 16 : 217 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson , O.E. 1981 . The families of bitunicate ascomycetes . Opera Botanica , 60 : 1 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Gardes , M. and Bruns , T.D. 1993 . ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes ‐ application to the identification of the mycorrhizae and rusts . Molecular Ecology , 2 : 113 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geel , B. van , Buurman , J. , Brinkkemper , O. , Schelvis , J. , Aptroot , A. , Reenen , G. van and HakbIJl , T. 2003 . Environmental reconstruction of a Roman Period settlement site in Uitgeest (the Netherlands), with special reference to coprophilous fungi . Journal of Archaeological Science , 30 : 873 – 883 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geel , B. van , Zazula , G.D. and Schwegerc , C.E. 2007 . Spores of coprophilous fungi from under the Dawson tephra (25,300 C‐14 years BP), Yukon Territory, northwestern Canada . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 252 : 481 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarro , J. , Abdullah , S.K. , Gene , J. and Al‐Saadoon , A.H. 1997a . A new species of Preussia from submerged plant debris . Mycological Research , 101 : 305 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarro , J. , Al‐Saadon , A.H. and Abdullah , S.K. 1997b . Two new coprophilous species of Preussia (Ascomycota) from Iraq . Nova Hedwigia , 64 : 177 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbett , D.S. , Binder , M. , Bischoff , J.F. , Blackwell , M. , Cannon , P.F. , Eriksson , O.E. , Huhndorf , S. , James , T. , Kirk , P.M. , Lucking , R. , Lumbsch , H.T. , Lutzoni , F. , Matheny , P.B. , Mclaughlin , D.J. , Powell , M.J. , Redhead , S. , Schoch , C.L. , Spatafora , J.W. , Stalpers , J.A. , Vilgalys , R. , Aime , M.C. , Aptroot , A. , Bauer , R. , Begerow , D. , Benny , G.L. , Castle‐bury , L.A. , Crous , P.W. , Dai , Y.C. , Gams , W. , Geiser , D.M. , Griffith , G.W. , Gueidan , C. , Hawksworth , D.L. , Hestmark , G. , Hosaka , K. , Humber , R.A. , Hyde , K.D. , Ironside , J.E. , Koljalg , U. , Kurtzman , C.P. , Larsson , K.H. , Lichtwardt , R. , Longcore , J. , Miadlikowska , J. , Miller , A. , Moncalvo , J.M. , Mozley‐Standridge , S. , Oberwinkler , F. , Parmasto , E. , Reeb , V. , Rogers , J.D. , Roux , C. , Ryvarden , L. , Sampaio , J.P. , Schussler , A. , Sugiyama , J. , Thorn , R.G. , Tibell , L. , Untereiner , W.A. , Walker , C. , Wang , Z. , Weir , A. , Weiss , M. , White , M.M. , Winka , K. , Yao , Y.J. and Zhang , N. 2007 . A higher‐level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . Mycological Research , 111 : 509 – 547 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillis , D.M. and Bull , J.J. 1993 . An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis . Systematic Biology , 42 : 182 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmgren , P.K. , Holmgren , N.H. and Barnett , L.C. 1990 . Index Herbariorum I: The Herbaria of the World. , Eighth Edition , New York Botanical Garden .
   Google Scholar
• Huelsenbeck , J.P. and Rannala , B. 2004 . Frequentist properties of Bayesian posterior probabilities of phylogenetic trees under simple and complex substitution models . Systematic Biology , 53 : 904 – 913 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruys , Å. , Eriksson , O.E. and Wedin , M. 2006 . Phylogenetic relationships of coprophilous Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), and the classification of some bitunicate taxa of unknown position . Mycological Research , 110 : 527 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landvik , S. 1996 . Neolecta, a fruit‐body‐producing genus of the basal ascomycetes, as shown by SSU and LSU rDNA sequences . Mycological Research , 100 : 199 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson , K.H. , Larsson , E. and Koljalg , U. 2004 . High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid homobasidiomycetes . Mycological Research , 108 : 183 – 1002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locquin‐Linard , M. 1977 . Á propos des genres non ostiolés placés dans la famille des Microascaceae . Revue de Mycologie , 41 : 509 – 523 .
   Google Scholar
• Lumbsch , H.T. and Huhndorf , S.M. 2007 . Outline of Ascomycota ‐2007 . Myconet , 13 : 1 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• Mantle , P.G. , Hawksworth , D.L. , Pazoutova , S. , Collinson , L.M. and Rassing , B.R. 2006 . Amorosia littoralis gen. sp. nov., a new genus and species name for the scorpinone and caffeine‐producing hyphomycetes from the littoral zone in The Bahamas . Mycological Research , 110 : 1371 – 1378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason‐Garner , R.J. and Kellogg , E.A. 1996 . Testing for phylogenetic conflict among molecular data sets in the tribe Triticeae (Gramineae) . Systematic Biology , 45 : 524 – 545 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , A.N. and Huhndorf , S.M. 2005 . Multi‐gene phylogenies indicate ascomal wall morphology is a better predictor of phylogenetic relationships than ascospore morphology in the Sordariales (Ascomycota, Fungi) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , 35 : 60 – 75 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munk , A. 1957 . Danish pyrenomycetes: a preliminary flora . Dansk Botanisk Arkiv , 17 : 1 – 491 .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips , W. and Plowright , C. 1877 . New and rare British fungi . Grevillea , 6 : 29
   Google Scholar
• Posada , D. and Crandall , K.A. 1998 . Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution . Bioinformatics , 14 : 817 – 818 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Queiroz , A. 1993 . For consensus (sometimes) . Systematic Biology , 42 : 368 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rai , J.N. and Tewari , J.P. 1963 . On some isolates of the genus Preussia Fuckel from Indian Soils . Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences , B57 : 45 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Rehner , S.A. and Samuels , G.L. 1995 . Molecular systematics of the Hypocreales ‐ a teleomorph gene phylogeny and the status of their anamorphs . Canadian Journal of Botany , 73 : 816 – 823 .
   Google Scholar
• Ronquist , F. and Huelsenbeck , J.P. 2003 . MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models . Bioinformatics , 19 : 1572 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoch , C.L. , Shoemaker , R.A. , Seifert , K.A. , Hambleton , S. , Spatafora , J.W. and Crous , P.W. 2006 . A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci . Mycologia , 98 : 1041 – 1052 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimodaira , H. and Hasegawa , M. 1999 . Multiple comparison of log‐likelihoods with applications to phylogenetic inference . Molecular Biology and Evolution , 16 : 1114 – 1116 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spegazzini , C.L. 1888 . Fungi Fuegiani . Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Cordoba , 11 (2) : 135 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Swofford , D.L. 2002 . PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony (*and other methods) , Sunderland, MA : Sinauer Associates . Version 4.0b10
   Google Scholar
• Stolk , A.C. 1955 . Emericellopsis minima sp. nov. and Westerdykella ornata gen. nov., sp. nov . Transactions of the British Mycological Society , 38 : 419 – 424 .
   Google Scholar
• Thompson , T.W. and Backus , M.P. 1966 . Further notes on Pycnidi‐ophora dispersa and Pseudeurotium multisporum . Mycologia , 58 : 650 – 655 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibell , L. 1984 . A reappraisal of the taxonomy of Caliciales . ßeiheft zur Nova Hedwigia , 79 : 597 – 713 .
   Google Scholar
• Valldosera , M. and Guarro , J. 1990 . Estudios sobre hongos coprofilos aislados en España XV. El género Preussia (Sporormi‐ella) . Boletin de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid , 14 : 81 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Vilgalys , R. and Hester , M. 1990 . Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species . Journal of Bacteriology , 172 : 4238 – 4246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H‐K. , Aptroot , A. , Crous , P.W. , Hyde , K.D. and Jeewon , R. 2007 . The polyphyletic nature of Pleosporales: an example from Massariosphaeria based on rDNA and RPB2 gene phylogenies . Mycological Research , 111 : 1268 – 1276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedin , M. and Tibell , L. 1997 . Phylogeny and evolution of Caliciaceae, Mycocaliciaceae, and Sphinctrinaceae (Ascomycota), with notes on the evolution of the prototunicate ascus . Canadian Journal of Botany , 75 : 1236 – 1242 .
   Google Scholar
• Wedin , M. , Tehler , A. and Gargas , A. 1998 . Phylogenetic relationships of Sphaerophoraceae (Ascomycetes) inferred from SSU rDNA sequences . Plant Systematics and Evolution , 209 : 75 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , T.J. , Bruns , T.D. , Lee , S. and Taylor , J. 1990 . “ Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylo‐genetics ” . In PCR Protocols, A guide to Methods and Applications , Edited by: Innis , M.A. , Gelfand , D.H. , Sninsky , J J. and White , T.J. 315 – 322 . San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , S. and Stanosz , G.R. 2001 . Primers for amplification of mtSSU rDNA, and a phylogenetic study of Botryosphaeria and associated anamorphic fungi . Mycological Research , 105 : 1033 – 1044 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoller , S. , Scheidegger , C. and Sperisen , C. 1999 . PCR primers for the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA of lichen‐forming ascomycetes . Lichenologist , 31 : 511 – 516 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
   Google Scholar